Table 4.
Logistic regression model results a
| |
|
Blood Cd |
|
Urinary Cd/g Cr |
|
Urinary Cd |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Outcome |
Exposure |
OR (95% CI) |
|
OR (95% CI) |
|
OR (95% CI) |
|
| Crude | Adjusted b | Crude | Adjusted b | Crude c | Adjusted d | ||
|
ID |
High vs. low Cd |
2.50 (1.82-3.43) |
2.78 (1.87-4.12) |
1.77 (1.08-2.90) |
1.37 (0.81-2.34) |
1.64 (0.91-2.97) |
1.21 (0.64-2.28) |
| |
Med. vs. low Cd |
2.17 (1.72-2.74) |
1.90 (1.48-2.43) |
1.08 (0.63-1.85) |
1.01 (0.58-1.77) |
1.17 (0.69-2.00) |
1.06 (0.61-1.86) |
| |
p-trend |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
0.02 |
0.22 |
0.10 |
0.56 |
|
IDA |
High vs. low Cd |
3.90 (2.11-7.17) |
4.02 (1.92-8.41) |
1.00 (0.46-2.19) |
0.79 (0.35-0.75) |
1.78 (0.55-5.73) |
0.83 (0.24-2.82) |
| |
Med. vs. low Cd |
2.46 (1.48-4.10) |
2.00 (1.17-3.42) |
0.82 (0.35-1.89) |
0.80 (0.34-1.89) |
1.10 (0.35-3.48) |
0.83 (0.25-2.77) |
| |
p-trend |
<0.0001 |
0.0001 |
0.86 |
0.48 |
0.33 |
0.77 |
|
Low SF |
High vs. low Cd |
2.80 (2.08-3.77) |
4.08 (2.36-5.89) |
1.62 (1.03-2.55) |
1.42 (0.88-2.29) |
1.91 (1.10-3.31) |
1.63 (0.91-2.92) |
| |
Med. vs. low Cd |
2.50 (2.02-3.11) |
2.38 (1.89-3.00) |
1.00 (0.61-1.63) |
0.99 (0.59-1.63) |
1.30 (0.80-2.13) |
1.28 (0.76-2.14) |
| |
p-trend |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
0.03 |
0.14 |
0.02 |
0.1 |
|
High FEP |
High vs. low Cd |
1.26 (0.95-1.69) |
1.36 (0.95-1.95) |
1.42 (0.95-2.14) |
1.02 (0.66-1.58) |
1.47 (0.91-2.38) |
1.12 (0.67-1.88) |
| |
Med. vs. low Cd |
1.29 (1.06-1.56) |
1.07 (0.88-1.32) |
1.16 (0.76-1.75) |
0.99 (0.64-1.53) |
1.14 (0.75-1.73) |
0.99 (0.64-1.54) |
| |
p-trend |
0.013 |
0.133 |
0.09 |
0.91 |
0.19 |
0.67 |
|
Low TSAT |
High vs. low Cd |
1.34 (1.06-1.69) |
1.74 (1.30-2.34) |
1.19 (0.87-1.64) |
1.07 (0.77-1.49) |
1.12 (0.76-1.65) |
0.94 (0.62-1.41) |
| |
Med. vs. low Cd |
1.23 (1.05-1.44) |
1.26 (1.07-1.48) |
0.84 (0.60-1.16) |
0.82 (0.58-1.15) |
1.05 (0.75-1.46) |
1.02 (0.72-1.43) |
| p-trend | 0.002 | <0.0001 | 0.27 | 0.67 | 0.57 | 0.76 |
aCrude and adjusted odds of ID, IDA, low SF, high FEP, and low TSAT for children with high and medium Cd versus low Cd.
bModels adjusted for gender, age, race/ethnicity, PIR, and serum cotinine.
cModels adjusted for UCr only.
dModels adjusted for gender, age, race/ethnicity, PIR, serum cotinine, and UCr.