Table 2.
Arsenic metabolite proportions by participant characteristics
| Participants | N (%) | % iAs median (IQR) | P value | % MMA median (IQR) | P value | % DMA median (IQR) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall |
3,663 |
7.9 (5.6, 11.0) |
|
13.9 (10.8, 17.5) |
|
77.8 (72.0, 82.7) |
|
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Female |
2,157 (58. 9) |
7.0 (5.0, 10.0) |
|
13.0 (10.0, 16.0) |
|
79.7 (74.7, 84.1) |
|
| Male |
1,506 (41.1) |
9.4 (6.7, 12.9) |
<0.001 |
15.7 (12.4, 19.4) |
<0.001 |
74.5 (67.9, 80.0) |
<0.001 |
| Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| < 55 years |
1,836 (50.1) |
8.5 (6.0, 11.5) |
|
13.9 (10.8, 17.6) |
|
77.3 (71.7, 82.2) |
|
| ≥ 55 and < 65 years |
1,190 (32.5) |
7.6 (5.4, 10.5) |
|
13.6 (10.7, 17.3) |
|
78.6 (72.4, 83.3) |
|
| ≥ 65 years |
637 (17.4) |
7.1 (5.0, 9.7) |
<0.001 |
14.6 (11.2, 17.8) |
0.03 |
78.2 (72.4, 82.7) |
0.005 |
| BMI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| < 25 kg/m2 |
557 (15.2) |
9.1 (6.2, 12.4) |
|
16.7 (13.2, 20.3) |
|
74.4 (67.3, 79.6) |
|
| ≥25 and < 30 kg/m2 |
1,236 (33.7) |
8.4 (5.8, 11.5) |
|
15.0 (11.6, 18.5) |
|
76.3 (70.5, 81.3) |
|
| ≥30 and < 35 kg/m2 |
1,057 (28.9) |
7.5 (5.5, 10.5) |
|
13.3 (10.5, 16.5) |
|
78.9 (73.3, 83.3) |
|
| ≥35 kg/m2 |
813 (22.2) |
7.1 (5.2, 9.8) |
<0.001 |
11.9 (9.1, 14.8) |
<0.001 |
80.8 (75.9, 85.3) |
<0.001 |
| Study center |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Arizona |
1,281 (35.0) |
8.6 (6.1, 11.5) |
|
13.3 (10.4, 16.4) |
|
78.1 (72.6, 82.5) |
|
| Oklahoma |
1,141 (31.2) |
6.6 (4.6, 9.3) |
|
13.4 (10.2, 16.7) |
|
79.6 (74.0, 84.3) |
|
| North or South Dakota |
1,241 (33.9) |
8.4 (6.1, 11.7) |
<0.001 |
15.3 (11.9, 19.2) |
<0.001 |
75.9 (69.6, 81.1) |
<0.001 |
| Smoking status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never |
1,177 (32.1) |
7.4 (5.3, 10.1) |
|
13.3 (10.1, 16.3) |
|
79.0 (73.9, 83.5) |
|
| Former |
1,240 (33.9) |
7.6 (5.4, 10.5) |
|
13.6 (10.8, 17.1) |
|
78.4 (72.8, 83.2) |
|
| Current |
1,246 (34.0) |
9.0 (6.1, 12.2) |
<0.001 |
15.2 (11.6, 19.0) |
<0.001 |
75.8 (69.2, 81.3) |
<0.001 |
| Drinking status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never |
575 (15.7) |
7.1 (5.2, 9.8) |
|
13.5 (10.6, 16.6) |
|
79.2 (73.6, 83.3) |
|
| Former |
1,517 (41.4) |
7.6 (5.4, 10.8) |
|
13.9 (10.8, 17.3) |
|
78.1 (72.4, 83.0) |
|
| Current |
1,571 (42.9) |
8.4 (5.9, 11.7) |
<0.001 |
14.2 (10.8, 18.0) |
0.008 |
77.0 (70.8, 82.2) |
<0.001 |
| High school completion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
1,793 (47.5) |
7.7 (5.5, 10.8) |
|
13.9 (10.7, 17.3) |
|
78.0 (72.3, 83.0) |
|
| No | 1,924 (52.5) | 8.3 (5.7, 11.2) | 0.002 | 13.9 (10.8, 17.7) | 0.28 | 77.6 (71.7, 82.5) | 0.03 |
*P values are from Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Arsenic % species must sum to 100% within each person.