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. 2013 May 7;17(6):1308–1317. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013001183

Table 3.

Racial/ethnic differences in rates of intake of foods and food groups (white non-Hispanic as reference group): data from 898 mother–child pairs from the Project Viva prospective pre-birth cohort study, Boston, MA, USA

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5
Food or food group RR 95 % CI RR 95 % CI RR 95 % CI RR 95 % CI RR 95 % CI
Sugar-sweetened beverages
White non-Hispanic 1·00 1·00 1·00 1·00 1·00
Black non-Hispanic 3·35* 2·61, 4·37 2·59 1·95, 3·48 2·63 1·97, 3·54 2·52 1·87, 3·44 2·65 2·00, 3·57
Hispanic 2·04 1·39, 3·14 1·59 1·07, 2·47 1·61 1·08, 2·49 1·57 1·05, 2·4 1·57 1·05, 2·43
Fruit juice
White non-Hispanic 1·00 1·00
Black non-Hispanic 1·11 0·96, 1·29 1·04 0·87, 1·23
Hispanic 1·10 0·87, 1·39 1·03 0·82, 1·32
Skimmed or 1 % dairy
White non-Hispanic 1·00 1·00 1·00 1·00 1·00
Black non-Hispanic 0·35 0·28, 0·43 0·42 0·33, 0·53 0·40 0·32, 0·51 0·41 0·33, 0·53 0·42 0·33, 0·53
Hispanic 0·36 0·26, 0·50 0·43 0·31, 0·61 0·42 0·30, 0·60 0·42 0·30, 0·60 0·42 0·30, 0·60
Whole or 2 % dairy
White non-Hispanic 1·00 1·00
Black non-Hispanic 0·96 0·85, 1·10 0·97 0·84, 1·13
Hispanic 1·06 0·87, 1·31 1·07 0·87, 1·33
Fast-food intake
White non-Hispanic 1·00 1·00 1·00 1·00 1·00
Black non-Hispanic 1·42 1·19, 1·70 1·28 1·05, 1·55 1·25 1·02, 1·52 1·38 1·12, 1·67 1·30 1·06, 1·58
Hispanic 1·35 1·01, 1·76 1·22 0·91, 1·62 1·21 0·90, 1·60 1·33 0·98, 1·78 1·24 0·92, 1·65
Snack-food intake
White non-Hispanic 1·00 1·00 1·00 1·00 1·00
Black non-Hispanic 0·89 0·81, 0·95 0·89 0·80, 1·00 0·88 0·79, 0·99 0·91 0·82, 1·02 0·89 0·80, 1·00
Hispanic 0·85 0·73, 0·99 0·83 0·72, 0·98 0·83 0·71, 0·97 0·87 0·74, 1·02 0·82 0·70, 0·96
Fruit and vegetable intake
White non-Hispanic 1·00 1·00
Black non-Hispanic 1·07 0·97, 1·18 1·10 0·99, 1·22
Hispanic 0·93 0·80, 1·09 0·97 0·82, 1·14
Red and processed meat
White non-Hispanic 1·00 1·00
Black non-Hispanic 1·23 1·08, 1·40 1·11 0·96, 1·27
Hispanic 1·17 0·96, 1·44 1·07 0·87, 1·32

RR, rate ratio.

Data were analysed using negative binomial regression.

Model 1: adjusted for age, gender and total energy intake only; Model 2: model 1 and additionally adjusted for maternal age, education, marital status and annual household income; Model 3: model 2 and additionally adjusted for maternal BMI; Model 4: model 2 and additionally adjusted for immigrant status; Model 5: model 2 and additionally adjusted for maternal perception of child's weight.

*Bold font indicates a significant difference compared with the reference group.

†No racial/ethnic differences found in model 2.