Table 5.

Relationship between marital conflict, divorce, and parental antisociality with child DBDs in adoptive and non-adoptive families.

Risk Factors:	CD			ODD			ADHD			EXT
	Main effect model		Interact model	Main effect model		Interact model	Main effect model		Interact model	Main effect model		Interact model
	Risk	A/B	Risk X	Risk	A/B	Risk X	Risk	A/B	Risk X	Risk	A/B	Risk X
	Factor		A/B	Factor		A/B	Factor		A/B	Factor		A/B
Marital Variables
Marital	.14	−3.04	−.04	.18	−5.68	.10	.10	−5.19	.01	.13	−04.68	−.01
Discord	(.06)	(1.97)	(.13)	(.04)*	(1.39)*	(.09)	(.04)	(1.28)*	(.09)	(.04)*	(1.26)*	(.08)
Divorce	1.47	−3.85	2.05	.59	−5.06	3.29	.29	.29	6.08	.53	−4.59	2.95
	(2.67)	(1.68)	(5.64)	(1.94)	(1.25)*	(4.46)	(1.90)	(1.90)*	(3.94)	(1.50)	(1.10)*	(3.29)
Parental Antisociality
Mom AAB	2.42	−4.44	1.97	2.05	−5.32	7.09	1.42	−5.41	11.03	1.77	−4.81	8.29
	(2.01)	(1.68)*	(3.60)*	(1.42)	(1.27)*	(2.88)	(1.51)	(1.08)*	(2.75)*	(1.20)	(1.10)*	(2.36)*
Dad AAB	1.89	−4.44	5.35	.23	−5.32	3.59	.13	−5.41	4.92	.43	−4.81	3.57
	(1.31)	(1.68)*	(2.53)	(.97)	(1.27)*	(1.98)	(.92)	(1.08)*	(1.84)*	(.71)	(1.10)*	(1.38)*

Note. Unstandardized regression coefficients and standard errors are presented. The first model is the main effects model and includes all identified covariates, co-parent effects (except in the case of the marital variables), adoption status (“Adopt/Bio” = adoptive vs. biological), and the risk factor. The second model is the interaction model, including an interaction term between adoption status and the risk factor. Variables are coded so that higher levels of a risk factor indicate more problematic parenting; a positive sign for the regression weight for the “Risk Factor” indicates that as the value of the scale increases, so do child DBDs. Negative regression weights for “A/B” indicate lower rates of DBDs in biological children. ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; ODD, oppositional-defiant disorder; CD, conduct disorder; EXT, Externalizing factor.

^*p<.01.