. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Prev Sci. 2014 Feb;15(0 1):33–46. doi: 10.1007/s11121-012-0328-8

Table 6.

Class comparisons: kindergarten characteristics

Characteristics	Classes for boys				Classes for girls

	1 N=244	2 N=107	3 N=195	4 N=146	1 N=113	2 N=38	3 N=107	4 N=141
Kindergarten
Externalizing	0.27^a	0.33^a	−0.03^b	−0.34^b	0.19^a	0.09^ab	−0.23^b	−0.43^b
Inattention	0.23^a	0.41^a	0.08^b	−0.22^c	0.07^a	0.07^a	−0.42^b	−0.40^b
Reading skills	−0.25^a	−0.18^a	−0.03^a	0.24^b	0.06	0.06	0.10	0.25
Cognitive ability	−0.16^a	−0.37^a	0.15^b	0.35^b	−0.33^a	−0.23^ab	0.17^b	0.08^b
Family SES	−0.24^a	−0.06^ab	0.12^bc	0.40^c	−0.36^a	−0.38^a	0.05^b	0.20^b
Parental warmth	−0.10^a	−0.18^a	0.11^ab	0.18^b	−0.24^a	−0.32^a	0.04^ab	0.18^b
Seventh grade
Pubertal growth	0.13^a	−0.03^ab	0.12^a	−0.36^b	0.20^a	−0.02^ab	0.12^a	−0.27^b
Depression	0.06^a	−0.17^ab	0.02^a	−0.36^b	0.62^a	0.08^bc	0.18^b	−0.34^c
Gang involvement	0.36^a	−0.17^bc	0.02^b	−0.45^c	0.23^a	−0.08^ab	−0.00^a	−0.45^b
Deviant friends	0.04^a	−0.03^b	−0.09^b	−0.30^b	0.26^a	0.09^ab	−0.13^b	−0.53^c
School adjustment	−0.45^a	−0.11^b	−0.19^b	0.35^c	−0.16^a	−0.00^ab	0.21^b	0.76^c

For ease of interpretation, standardized means are shown. Within sex, means with different superscripts in each row are significantly different, p<.05. For boys and girls, 1 = preadolescent multi-problem, 3 = preadolescent substance users, and 4 = low risk. For boys, 2 = adolescent multi-problem; for girls, 2 = adolescent dual-problem