Table 4. Association of contractor-, steward-, and coworker-safety practice with upper body musculoskeletal pain and injury-related absence among construction apprentices in the MassBUILT study in the adjusted model.
| Injury outcomes | Contractor-safety practicea | Steward-safety practice | Coworker-safety practice | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
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| N | OR | 95 % CI | Nb | OR | 95 % CI | N | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Upper body musculoskeletal pain | |||||||||
| Neck painc | 1,205 | 0.95 | (0.77, 1.18) | 705 | 1.03 | (0.79, 1.35) | 1,194 | 1.10 | (0.89, 1.38) |
| Shoulder painc | 1,202 | 1.04 | (0.84, 1.29) | 703 | 1.02 | (0.77, 1.33) | 1,191 | 1.20 | (0.96, 1.49) |
| Hand pain | 1,734 | 1.27* | (1.04, 1.54) | 979 | 1.11 | (0.86, 1.43) | 1,712 | 1.19 | (0.98, 1.45) |
| Back pain | 1,727 | 1.40*** | (1.17, 1.68) | 974 | 1.19 | (0.94, 1.51) | 1,705 | 1.42*** | (1.18, 1.71) |
| Injury-related absence | 1,721 | 1.19 | (0.97, 1.44) | 968 | 1.04 | (0.81, 1.34) | 1,700 | 1.36** | (1.11, 1.67) |
Adjusted for age, gender, race, education level, income, the years of apprenticeship program, apprentice site, and self-reported ergonomic strain
a
Each of safety practice measures ranged from 1 to 4, with a higher score indicating poorer safety practice
b
Sample size for steward-safety practice is smaller than others because apprentices who did not have on-site stewards (N = 747) were not eligible to answer the questions about steward-safety practice
c
Sample size for the analysis about neck pain and shoulder pain is smaller than others, probably because of confusing skip instructions that preceded the questions about neck pain or shoulder pain
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001