Table 5. Association of contractor-, steward-, and coworker-safety practice with upper body musculoskeletal pain and injury-related absence among construction apprentices in the MassBUILT study in the adjusted model.
| Injury outcomes | Safety practicea | N | OR | 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neck pain | Contractor | 685 | 0.91 | (0.65, 1.28) |
| Steward | 1.04 | (0.76, 1.42) | ||
| Coworker | 1.07 | (0.75, 1.52) | ||
| Shoulder pain | Contractor | 683 | 1.06 | (0.75, 1.49) |
| Steward | 0.87 | (0.63, 1.19) | ||
| Coworker | 1.29 | (0.90, 1.85) | ||
| Hand pain | Contractor | 952 | 1.09 | (0.80, 1.49) |
| Steward | 1.04 | (0.78, 1.40) | ||
| Coworker | 1.12 | (0.80, 1.55) | ||
| Back pain | Contractor | 947 | 1.33 | (0.99, 1.8) |
| Steward | 1.00 | (0.76, 1.32) | ||
| Coworker | 1.16 | (0.85, 1.58) | ||
| Injury-related absence | Contractor | 942 | 0.92 | (0.67, 1.27) |
| Steward | 0.86 | (0.64, 1.16) | ||
| Coworker | 1.68 ** | (1.20, 2.37) |
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001
Adjusted for age, gender, race, education level, income, the years of apprenticeship program, apprentice site, and self-reported ergonomic strain
a
Each of safety practices measures ranged from 1 to 4, with a higher score indicating poorer safety practice