Table 3.
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident diabetes according to quintile of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) score measured at baseline, in the Women's Health Initiative 1993-2005.
| Quintile 1 | Quintile2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Overall (n=154,493) | |||||
| Median AHEI score | 24.05 | 31.64 | 37.65 | 43.82 | 53.00 |
| New onset of diabetes | 2,906 | 2,327 | 2,027 | 1,684 | 1,363 |
| No. per quintile | 30,898 | 30,900 | 30,897 | 30,899 | 30,899 |
| Cumulative incidence rate (%) | 9.41 | 7.53 | 6.56 | 5.45 | 4.41 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratios and 95% CI | 1 | 0.79(0.75-0.83) | 0.68(0.64-0.72) | 0.56(0.53-0.60) | 0.46(0.43-0.49) |
| Age, race, and body mass index adjusted | |||||
| hazard ratios and 95% CI | |||||
| Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIa | 1 | 0.92(0.87-0.98) | 0.88(0.82-0.93) | 0.80(0.74-0.86) | 0.76(0.70-0.82) |
| Whites (n=128,998) | |||||
| Median AHEI score | 24.54 | 32.23 | 38.16 | 44.26 | 53.34 |
| New onset of diabetes | 1935 | 1657 | 1491 | 1251 | 1063 |
| No. per quintile | 23,892 | 25,340 | 26,088 | 26,646 | 27,032 |
| Cumulative incidence rate (%) | 8.10 | 6.54 | 5.72 | 4.69 | 3.93 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratios and 95% CI | 1 | 0.80(0.75-0.86) | 0.70(0.65-0.74) | 0.57(0.53-0.61) | 0.48(0.45-0.52) |
| Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIb | 1 | 0.90(0.84-0.97) | 0.84(0.78-0.91) | 0.75(0.69-0.82) | 0.74(0.68-0.82) |
| Blacks (n=12,820) | |||||
| Median AHEI score | 21.21 | 29.26 | 33.64 | 40.10 | 49.80 |
| New onset of diabetes | 610 | 388 | 288 | 240 | 156 |
| No. per quintile | 4,084 | 2,750 | 2,329 | 1,963 | 1,694 |
| Cumulative incidence rate (%) | 14.94 | 14.11 | 12.37 | 12.23 | 9.21 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratios and 95% CI | 1 | 0.95(0.84-1.08) | 0.82(0.71-0.94) | 0.81(0.70-0.94) | 0.62(0.52-0.73) |
| Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIb | 1 | 1.03(0.90-1.20) | 1.01(0.86-1.19) | 1.01 (0.85-1.21) | 0.85(0.69-1.05) |
| Hispanics (n=6,009) | |||||
| Median AHEI score | 22.23 | 28.32 | 33.50 | 39.09 | 48.28 |
| New onset of diabetes | 237 | 177 | 143 | 75 | 41 |
| No. per quintile | 1,800 | 1,509 | 1,154 | 893 | 653 |
| Cumulative incidence rate (%) | 13.17 | 11.73 | 12.39 | 8.40 | 6.28 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratios and 95% CI | 1 | 0.87(0.72-1.06) | 0.89(0.72-1.10) | 0.60(0.47-0.78) | 0.44(0.31-0.61) |
| Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIb | 1 | 0.98(0.79-1.23) | 0.97(0.75-1.24) | 0.70(0.52-0.96) | 0.68(0.46-0.99) |
| Asians (n=3,940) | |||||
| Median AHEI score | 27.09 | 34.27 | 40.22 | 46.17 | 54.87 |
| New onset of diabetes | 51 | 59 | 58 | 81 | 76 |
| No. per quintile | 522 | 728 | 770 | 893 | 1,027 |
| Cumulative incidence rate (%) | 9.77 | 8.10 | 7.53 | 9.07 | 7.40 |
| Unadjusted hazard ratios and 95% CI | 1 | 0.78(0.54-1.14) | 0.74(0.51-1.08) | 0.92(0.65-1.30) | 0.72(0.51-1.03) |
| Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIb | 1 | 1.02(0.68-1.53) | 0.91(0.60-1.39) | 1.24(0.82-1.87) | 0.88(0.57-1.38) |
a
Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, race, education, cigarette smoking, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, physical activity, log (daily energy intake), family history of diabetes, study arms and hormone therapy use.
b
Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, education, cigarette smoking, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, physical activity, log (daily energy intake), family history of diabetes, study arms and hormone therapy use.