Table 1.
HMGB1-targeting therapeutic strategies.
| Therapeutic strategies | Mechanism of action | References |
|---|---|---|
| HMGB1-neutralizing antibody | ||
| Mouse anti-HMGB1 DPH1.1 antibody | Inhibition of HMGB1 activity | 99 |
| Mouse anti-HMGB1 2G7 antibody | Inhibition of HMGB1 activity | 100 |
| Anti-HMGB1 chicken IgY polyclonal antibody | Inhibition of HMGB1 activity | 101 |
| A box protein | Inhibition of HMGB1 activity | 10 |
| RNA interference | ||
| HMGB1 siRNA | Suppression of HMGB1 expression | 102 |
| HMGB1 shRNA | Suppression of HMGB1 expression | 103 |
| Adsorption | Inhibition of HMGB1 activity | 104 |
| Chemicals | ||
| Molecular hydrogen | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 105 |
| Quercetin | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 106 |
| Atorvastatin | Suppression of HMGB1 expression | 107 |
| Tanshinone II A | Suppression of HMGB1 expression | 108 |
| Dexamethasone | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 109 |
| Gold sodium thiomalate | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 109 |
| Chloroquine | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 110 |
| Ethyl pyruvate | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 111 |
| Glycyrrhizin | Inhibition of HMGB1 activity and release | 112 |
| Stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholine | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 113 |
| Chinese medicinal herbs | ||
| Danggui (Angelica sinensis) | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 114 |
| Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 115 |
| Green tea (Camellia sinensis) | Inhibition of HMGB1 release and activity | 116,117 |
| Mung bean (Vigna radiata) | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 118 |
| HMGB1 receptor and signaling pathway inhibition | ||
| sRAGE | Inhibition of HMGB1-RAGE pathway | 119 |
| Other | ||
| Anticoagulant agents (for example, thrombomodulin) | Inhibition of HMGB1 activity | 101 |
| Endogenous hormones (for example, insulin) | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 120 |
| Vagus nerve stimulation (for example, nicotine) | Inhibition of HMGB1 release | 121 |