TABLE 1.
Examples of nutritional factors having beneficial metabolic effects that are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms1
| Nutritional factor | Metabolic disorder | Epigenetic mechanisms | Reference |
| Methyl donors | |||
| Betaine | Insulin resistance, liver steatosis | Histone and DNA methylation | (13) |
| Choline | Liver steatosis | Histone and DNA methylation | (14) |
| Folate | Insulin resistance, adiposity | DNA methylation | (15) |
| Methionine | Insulin resistance, obesity | Histone and DNA methylation | (15) |
| Vitamin B-12 | Insulin resistance, obesity | DNA methylation | (15) |
| Phytochemicals | |||
| Curcumin | Inflammation, obesity | Histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and microRNA | (16) |
| Epigallocatechin 3-gallate | Obesity, insulin resistance, liver steatosis | Histone acetylation and DNA methylation | (17) |
| Genistein | Obesity | Histone acetylation and DNA methylation | (18) |
| Resveratrol | Obesity, liver steatosis | Histone acetylation | (19) |
| Sulforaphane | Adipocyte differentiation | Histone acetylation | (20) |
| Fatty acids | |||
| Butyrate and other SCFAs | Insulin resistance, inflammation | Histone acetylation and propionylation | (21) |
1
Based on (12).