TABLE 2.
Examples of metabolic processes related to obesity and type 2 diabetes that are regulated by genes whose expression is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms
| Metabolic process | Gene symbol | Common gene name | Epigenetic mechanism | Reference |
| Adipogenesis | CEBPA | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α | Histone acetylation and methylation | (24) |
| PPARA | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α | DNA methylation | (25) | |
| Appetite regulation | LEP | Leptin | DNA methylation | (26) |
| MC4R | Melanocortin 4 receptor | DNA methylation | (27) | |
| NPY | Neuropeptide Y | DNA methylation | (28) | |
| POMC | Proopiomelanocortin | DNA methylation and histone acetylation and methylation | (28) | |
| Body weight homeostasis | FTO | Fat mass and obesity associated | DNA methylation | (29) |
| Glucose homeostasis | ADIPOQ | Adiponectin | DNA methylation and histone acetylation | (30) |
| GLUT4 | Insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 | DNA methylation and histone acetylation | (31) | |
| INS | Insulin | DNA methylation and histone acetylation | (32) | |
| Hypoxia | HIF1A | Hypoxia inducible factor 1 | DNA methylation and histone acetylation and methylation | (33) |
| Inflammation | IFNG | Interferon γ | DNA methylation | (34) |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor α | DNA methylation | (35) | |
| Lipid storage | FASN | Fatty acid synthase | DNA methylation | (36) |
| Stress | NR3C1 | Glucocorticoid receptor | Histone acetylation | (37) |
| Thermogenesis | UCP1 | Uncoupling protein 1 | DNA methylation | (38) |