NA rescues in vivo efficacy of GNE-618 in primary patient-derived tumor xenograft models. (A) SAO-737 sarcoma patient-derived tumor explants were grown ex vivo as described in Materials and Methods section and treated with DMSO vehicle control or escalating doses of GNE-618 as shown for 14 consecutive days. Following treatment, cells were stained for viability by calcein AM crystal violet dye and colony number was enumerated microscopically. (B) SAO-737 sarcoma patient-derived tumor explants were treated with DMSO vehicle control, 10 µM NA, 37 nM GNE-618, or the combination of GNE-618 and NA for 14 consecutive days. Following treatment, cells were stained with calcein AM crystal violet dye to determine viability. (C and D) SAO-737 sarcoma (C) and STO-399 gastric (D) patient-derived tumor xenografts were treated (Rx) orally with vehicle control, GNE-618 daily, NA (twice daily), or the combination of GNE-618 and NA for a period of 5 days.