Table 2.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Moderate-to-severe AS (≥2 of: AVA <1.5 cm2, peak pressure gradient >36 mm Hg, mean PG >25 mm Hg)	History of CABG or recent MI within 6 months
Asymptomatic	Previous valve surgery
Age >18 and <85 years	Severe valve disease other than AS
Prepared to undergo AVR if symptoms develop	Persistent atrial fibrillation or flutter
Ability to perform bicycle exercise test	Severe asthma
	History of heart failure
	Severe renal impairment eGFR <30 mL/min
	Planned AVR
	EF <40%
	Any absolute contraindication to CMR
	Contraindication to adenosine
	Other medical condition that limits life expectancy or precludes AVR
	Pregnancy

AS, aortic stenosis; AVA, aortic valve area; AVR, aortic valve replacement; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CMR, cardiac MR; EF, extraction fraction; eGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; MI, myocardial infarction.