Table 2.
Maternal genotype and probability of gestational diabetes.
| % | Caucasian | African–American | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gene rs number |
Risk allele |
Other allele |
Risk alleles |
RAF | GDM / Total |
GDM % |
OR (95 CI) | RAF | GDM / Total |
GDM % |
OR (95% CI) |
| ADAMTS9 rs4607103 | C | T | 0 | 0.74 | 4/62 | 6.5 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.72 | 1/29 | 3.4 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 15/351 | 4.3 | 0.74 (0.22–3.22) | 12/160 | 7.5 | 2.01 (0.26–91.33) | |||||
| 2 | 37/486 | 7.6 | 1.40 (0.46–5.72) | 11/197 | 5.6 | 1.33 (0.17–60.89) | |||||
| ADCY5 rs11708067 | A | G | 0 | 0.76 | 3/45 | 6.7 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.86 | 0/11 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 20/325 | 6.2 | 0.84 (0.23–4.70) | 6/87 | 6.9 | 0.69 (0.11– >999.99) | |||||
| 2 | 32/508 | 6.3 | 0.82 (0.23–4.45) | 17/282 | 6 | 0.69 (0.13– >999.99) | |||||
| ADCY5 rs2877716 | C | T | 0 | 0.74 | 5/53 | 9.4 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.77 | 1/24 | 4.2 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 19/351 | 5.4 | 0.94 (0.59–1.49) | 6/129 | 4.7 | 0.96 (0.10–47.41) | |||||
| 2 | 30/477 | 6.3 | 0.88 (0.35–2.21) | 16/226 | 7.1 | 1.52 (0.21–68.13) | |||||
| ADRA2A rs10885122 | G | T | 0 | 0.88 | 2/17 | 11.8 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.32 | 10/172 | 5.8 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 8/174 | 4.6 | 0.41 (0.07–4.47) | 10/169 | 5.9 | 1.02 (0.37–2.86) | |||||
| 2 | 46/691 | 6.7 | 0.58 (0.12–5.52) | 3/35 | 8.6 | 1.49 (0.24–6.43) | |||||
| BCL11A rs243021 | T | C | 0 | 0.48 | 11/255 | 4.3 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.39 | 9/135 | 6.7 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 29/415 | 7 | 1.37 (0.93–2.01) | 12/202 | 5.9 | 0.77 (0.28–2.19) | |||||
| 2 | 16/226 | 7.1 | 1.86 (0.86–4.03) | 3/48 | 6.3 | 0.88 (0.14–3.83) | |||||
| CDC123 rs12779790 | G | A | 0 | 0.18 | 37/605 | 6.1 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.14 | 20/282 | 7.1 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 14/244 | 5.7 | 1.26 (0.79–2.01) | 3/95 | 3.2 | 0.47 (0.09–1.66) | |||||
| 2 | 5/33 | 15.2 | 1.58 (0.62–4.05) | 1/5 | 20 | 3.03 (0.05–39.12) | |||||
| CDKAL1 rs10946398 | C | A | 0 | 0.31 | 31/413 | 7.5 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.62 | 4/54 | 7.4 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 23/405 | 5.7 | 0.75 (0.41–1.37) | 11/186 | 5.9 | 0.83 (0.23–3.81) | |||||
| 2 | 2/79 | 2.5 | 0.35 (0.04–1.44) | 8/142 | 5.6 | 0.81 (0.20–3.97) | |||||
| CDKN2A2B rs10811661 | T | C | 0 | 0.82 | 2/33 | 6.1 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.94 | 0/1 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 15/256 | 5.9 | 0.99 (0.21–9.57) | 4/47 | 8.5 | 0.17 (0.01– >999.99) | |||||
| 2 | 39/599 | 6.5 | 1.08 (0.25–9.84) | 20/336 | 6 | 0.12 (0.01– >999.99) | |||||
| CRY2 rs11605924 | A | C | 0 | 0.48 | 12/236 | 5.1 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.85 | 0/6 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 28/449 | 6.2 | 1.24 (0.84–1.84) | 8/104 | 7.7 | 0.49 (0.08– >999.99) | |||||
| 2 | 15/209 | 7.2 | 1.54 (0.70–3.39) | 16/275 | 5.8 | 0.34 (0.06– >999.99) | |||||
| DGKB TMEM195 rs2191349 | T | G | 0 | 0.54 | 15/171 | 8.8 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.6 | 3/52 | 5.8 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 24/437 | 5.5 | 0.79 (0.53–1.19) | 13/200 | 6.5 | 1.27 (0.32–7.43) | |||||
| 2 | 13/242 | 5.4 | 0.63 (0.28–1.43) | 8/125 | 6.4 | 1.22 (0.27–7.57) | |||||
| DUSP9 rs5945326 | A | G | 0 | 0.78 | 4/55 | 7.3 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.79 | 1/16 | 6.3 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 16/290 | 5.5 | 0.84 (0.25–3.69) | 4/125 | 3.2 | 0.46 (0.04–25.00) | |||||
| 2 | 34/544 | 6.3 | 0.94 (0.31–3.89) | 18/237 | 7.6 | 1.26 (0.16–59.69) | |||||
| FADS1 rs174550 | T | C | 0 | 0.68 | 4/92 | 4.3 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.93 | 0/2 | 0 | 1.00 (ref) 3 |
| 1 | 20/395 | 5.1 | 1.12 (0.36–4.68) | 3/50 | 6 | 0.06 (0.01– >999.99) | |||||
| 2 | 32/407 | 7.9 | 1.90 (0.64–7.69) | 21/328 | 6.4 | 0.07 (0.01– >999.99) | |||||
| G6PC2 rs560887 | C | T | 0 | 0.71 | 6/70 | 8.6 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.93 | 0/1 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 26/385 | 6.8 | 0.82 (0.54–1.26) | 5/49 | 10.2 | 0.22 (0.01– >999.99) | |||||
| 2 | 24/437 | 5.5 | 0.67 (0.29–1.58) | 18/332 | 5.4 | 0.12 (0.01– >999.99) | |||||
| GCK rs4607517 | A | G | 0 | 0.04 | 49/780 | 6.3 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.01 | 23/364 | 6.3 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 3/56 | 5.4 | 1.00 (0.19–3.35) | 1/8 | 12.5 | 2.00 (0.04–19.14) | |||||
| 2 | 0/2 | 0 | 9.44 (0.00–80.42) | 0/1 | 0 | 20.31 (0.00–385.91) | |||||
| GCKR rs1260326 | C | T | 0 | 0.59 | 5/159 | 3.1 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.83 | 1/8 | 12.5 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 26/421 | 6.2 | 1.49 (1.00–2.24) | 7/114 | 6.1 | 0.68 (0.06–38.86) | |||||
| 2 | 25/316 | 7.9 | 2.23 (0.99–5.02) | 16/264 | 6.1 | 0.68 (0.07–35.97) | |||||
| GCKR rs780094 | C | T | 0 | 0.58 | 5/155 | 3.2 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.86 | 0/4 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 23/399 | 5.8 | 1.58 (1.03–2.42) | 6/93 | 6.5 | 0.20 (0.03– >999.99) | |||||
| 2 | 24/290 | 8.3 | 2.50 (1.07–5.84) | 16/271 | 5.9 | 0.19 (0.03– >999.99) | |||||
| GIPR rs10423928 | A | T | 0 | 0.21 | 36/554 | 6.5 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.14 | 18/275 | 6.5 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 16/272 | 5.9 | 0.87 (0.44–1.66) | 4/87 | 4.6 | 0.75 (0.18–2.42) | |||||
| 2 | 2/52 | 3.8 | 0.56 (0.06–2.34) | 0/7 | 0 | 1.56 (0.00–8.85) | |||||
| GLIS3 rs7034200 | A | C | 0 | 0.48 | 18/246 | 7.3 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.61 | 3/56 | 5.4 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 28/439 | 6.4 | 0.84 (0.57–1.24) | 10/187 | 5.3 | 0.84 (0.20–5.00) | |||||
| 2 | 10/209 | 4.8 | 0.71 (0.33–1.55) | 11/140 | 7.9 | 1.23 (0.30–7.31) | |||||
| HHEX IDE rs1111875 | C | T | 0 | 0.59 | 10/166 | 6 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.76 | 1/20 | 5 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 25/412 | 6.1 | 1.05 (0.71–1.55) | 8/144 | 5.6 | 1.35 (0.16–64.99) | |||||
| 2 | 21/319 | 6.6 | 1.10 (0.50–2.40) | 15/222 | 6.8 | 1.45 (0.19–66.21) | |||||
| IGF2BP2 rs4402960 | T | G | 0 | 0.33 | 27/415 | 6.5 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.52 | 2/80 | 2.5 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 22/371 | 5.9 | 0.91 (0.61–1.36) | 16/200 | 8 | 3.80 (0.84–35.53) | |||||
| 2 | 7/108 | 6.5 | 0.82 (0.37–1.84) | 6/98 | 6.1 | 2.92 (0.49–31.15) | |||||
| IRS1 rs2943641 | C | T | 0 | 0.66 | 8/107 | 7.5 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.71 | 3/31 | 9.7 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 23/385 | 6 | 0.96 (0.64–1.45) | 9/165 | 5.5 | 0.55 (0.12–3.47) | |||||
| 2 | 24/398 | 6 | 0.92 (0.41–2.09) | 12/189 | 6.3 | 0.61 (0.14–3.66) | |||||
| JAZF1 rs864745 | T | C | 0 | 0.51 | 13/219 | 5.9 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.75 | 5/23 | 21.7 | 1.00 (ref)1 |
| 1 | 22/373 | 5.9 | 1.19 (0.81–1.74) | 8/141 | 5.7 | 0.46 (0.24–0.88) | |||||
| 2 | 19/242 | 7.9 | 1.41 (0.66–3.03) | 9/212 | 4.2 | 0.21 (0.06–0.78) | |||||
| KCNJ11 rs5215 | C | T | 0 | 0.38 | 20/346 | 5.8 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.06 | 21/344 | 6.1 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 24/419 | 5.7 | 1.21 (0.81–1.80) | 3/39 | 7.7 | 1.35 (0.24–5.06) | |||||
| 2 | 12/134 | 9 | 1.46 (0.66–3.23) | 0/3 | 0 | 9.17 (0.00–64.73) | |||||
| KCNQ1 rs2237892 | C | T | 0 | 0.95 | 0/5 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.91 | 0/5 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 5/69 | 7.2 | 0.28 (0.04– >999.99) | 4/56 | 7.1 | 0.53 (0.07– >999.99) | |||||
| 2 | 50/777 | 6.4 | 0.32 (0.06– >999.99) | 19/313 | 6.1 | 0.56 (0.09– >999.99) | |||||
| MADD rs7944584 | A | T | 0 | 0.72 | 4/69 | 5.8 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.96 | 0/1 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 27/360 | 7.5 | 1.33 (0.43–5.50) | 3/31 | 9.7 | 0.04 (0.00– >999.99) | |||||
| 2 | 25/467 | 5.4 | 0.95 (0.31–3.93) | 21/354 | 5.9 | 0.03 (0.00– >999.99) | |||||
| MTNR1B rs10830963 | G | C | 0 | 0.28 | 21/472 | 4.4 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.06 | 22/334 | 6.6 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 27/335 | 8.1 | 1.65 (1.10–2.48) | 2/43 | 4.7 | 0.53 (0.06–2.38) | |||||
| 2 | 7/82 | 8.5 | 2.73 (1.21–6.16) | 0/3 | 0 | 6.85 (0.00–48.15) | |||||
| NOTCH2 rs10923931 | T | G | 0 | 0.1 | 42/722 | 5.8 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.33 | 10/177 | 5.6 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 13/168 | 7.7 | 1.39 (0.66–2.77) | 10/162 | 6.2 | 1.14 (0.41–3.19) | |||||
| 2 | 0/4 | 0 | 2.47 (0.00–16.36) | 4/47 | 8.5 | 1.64 (0.35–6.25) | |||||
| PPARG rs1801282 | C | G | 0 | 0.89 | 1/12 | 8.3 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.97 | 0/0 | - | |
| 1 | 9/174 | 5.2 | 0.51 (0.06–25.16) | 2/20 | 10 | 1.00 (ref)3 | |||||
| 2 | 46/709 | 6.5 | 0.68 (0.09–31.23) | 21/362 | 5.8 | 0.56 (0.11–5.55) | |||||
| PRC1 rs8042680 | A | C | 0 | 0.34 | 24/390 | 6.2 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.88 | 1/6 | 16.7 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 22/402 | 5.5 | 1.20 (0.80–1.81) | 4/83 | 4.8 | 0.33 (0.02–20.49) | |||||
| 2 | 10/105 | 9.5 | 1.45 (0.64–3.27) | 19/296 | 6.4 | 0.44 (0.04–23.24) | |||||
| SLC30A8 rs11558471 | A | G | 0 | 0.69 | 3/77 | 3.9 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.89 | 0/4 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 26/397 | 6.5 | 1.79 (0.52–9.61) | 3/74 | 4.1 | 0.15 (0.02– >999.99) | |||||
| 2 | 27/425 | 6.4 | 1.68 (0.49–9.02) | 21/308 | 6.8 | 0.29 (0.04– >999.99) | |||||
| SLC30A8 rs13266634 | C | T | 0 | 0.68 | 4/88 | 4.5 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.89 | 0/4 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 25/396 | 6.3 | 1.46 (0.48–5.99) | 3/73 | 4.1 | 0.14 (0.02– >999.99) | |||||
| 2 | 27/409 | 6.6 | 1.48 (0.49–6.08) | 21/302 | 7 | 0.30 (0.04– >999.99) | |||||
| TCF2 rs4430796 | A | G | 0 | 0.52 | 10/221 | 4.5 | 1.00 (ref)2 | 0.34 | 12/170 | 7.1 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 33/415 | 8 | 2.08 (0.99–4.37) | 10/173 | 5.8 | 0.74 (0.27–1.97) | |||||
| 2 | 13/261 | 5 | 1.17 (0.49–2.77) | 2/43 | 4.7 | 0.68 (0.07–3.33) | |||||
| TCF7L2 rs7901695 | C | T | 0 | 0.3 | 17/432 | 3.9 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.44 | 5/126 | 4 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 30/387 | 7.8 | 1.98 (1.31–2.99) | 15/177 | 8.5 | 2.30 (0.75–8.45) | |||||
| 2 | 9/79 | 11.4 | 3.93 (1.73–8.94) | 4/83 | 4.8 | 1.30 (0.25–6.34) | |||||
| THADA rs7578597 | T | C | 0 | 0.9 | 0/8 | 0 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.76 | 4/28 | 14.3 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 10/169 | 5.9 | 0.69 (0.12– >999.99) | 9/126 | 7.1 | 0.39 (0.09–1.98) | |||||
| 2 | 46/713 | 6.5 | 0.84 (0.16– >999.99) | 11/225 | 4.9 | 0.29 (0.07–1.39) | |||||
| TSPAN8 rs7961581 | C | T | 0 | 0.28 | 25/461 | 5.4 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.18 | 14/256 | 5.5 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 24/351 | 6.8 | 1.32 (0.88–2.00) | 6/114 | 5.3 | 1.02 (0.31–2.96) | |||||
| 2 | 6/76 | 7.9 | 1.75 (0.77–4.01) | 4/13 | 30.8 | 6.83 (1.28–31.13) | |||||
| VPS13C rs17271305 | G | A | 0 | 0.41 | 22/305 | 7.2 | 1.00 (ref)3 | 0.11 | 18/300 | 6 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 29/444 | 6.5 | 0.86 (0.46–1.62) | 5/80 | 6.3 | 1.05 (0.29–3.11) | |||||
| 2 | 4/142 | 2.8 | 0.40 (0.10–1.23) | 1/4 | 25 | 3.55 (0.06–52.14) | |||||
| WFS1 rs10010131 | G | A | 0 | 0.59 | 9/149 | 6 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.64 | 4/46 | 8.7 | 1.00 (ref)3 |
| 1 | 25/433 | 5.8 | 1.18 (0.79–1.77) | 11/188 | 5.9 | 0.62 (0.17–2.90) | |||||
| 2 | 22/316 | 7 | 1.40 (0.62–3.14) | 9/151 | 6 | 0.64 (0.16–3.05) | |||||
| ZFAND6 rs11634397 | G | A | 0 | 0.67 | 6/102 | 5.9 | 1.00 (ref)1 | 0.44 | 6/113 | 5.3 | 1.00 (ref)1 |
| 1 | 28/378 | 7.4 | 0.89 (0.59–1.33) | 11/196 | 5.6 | 1.34 (0.71–2.53) | |||||
| 2 | 22/413 | 5.3 | 0.79 (0.35–1.77) | 6/70 | 8.6 | 1.79 (0.50–6.38) | |||||
1
Maximum likelihood logistic regression, linear model, adjusting for age, pregravid BMI, and probability of Yoruban ancestry
2
Maximum likelihood logistic regression, genotype model, adjusting for age, pregravid BMI, and probability of Yoruban ancestry, with inverse probability of sampling weights.
3
Exact logistic regression, adjusting for age and BMI category