Table 5.
Time from insult | <6h (n=178 [37]) | 6 to <12h (n=94 [20]) | 12 to <36h (n=115 [48]) | ≥36h (n=107 [39]) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis of AKI (AKI on entry)a | ||||
GGT/uCr | 0.70 (0.60–0.80) | 0.67 (0.52–0.81) | 0.61 (0.50–0.71) | 0.52 (0.40–0.63) |
AP/uCr | 0.60 (0.49–0.71)b | 0.49 (0.34–0.63)c | 0.41 (0.30–0.51)d | 0.39 (0.29–0.50)e |
CysC/uCr | 0.67 (0.57–0.78) | 0.75 (0.62–0.88) | 0.68 (0.57–0.78) | 0.52 (0.41–0.64) |
NGAL/uCr | 0.66 (0.55–0.77) | 0.65 (0.50–0.80) | 0.71 (0.61–0.82)f | 0.60 (0.48–0.72) |
IL-18/uCr | 0.62 (0.52–0.73) | 0.67 (0.53–0.81) | 0.64 (0.53–0.74) | 0.51 (0.39–0.62) |
KIM-1/uCr | 0.62 (0.52–0.73) | 0.66 (0.52–0.81) | 0.67 (0.56–0.77) | 0.61 (0.49–0.72) |
Prediction of AKI (AKIN48)g | <6h (n=141 [32]) | 6 to <12h (n=74 [15]) | 12 to <36h (n=67 [11]) | ≥36h (n=68 [18]) |
GGT/uCr | 0.50 (0.39–0.62) | 0.71 (0.55–0.87)h | 0.58 (0.39–0.77) | 0.47 (0.31–0.62) |
AP/uCr | 0.59 (0.48–0.71) | 0.63 (0.46–0.79) | 0.42 (0.25–0.60) | 0.47 (0.31–0.62) |
CysC/uCr | 0.48 (0.37–0.59) | 0.61 (0.45–0.78) | 0.48 (0.29–0.67) | 0.73 (0.59–0.88)i |
NGAL/uCr | 0.53 (0.41–0.65) | 0.49 (0.31–0.67) | 0.55 (0.35–0.75) | 0.60 (0.44–0.77)j |
IL-18/uCr | 0.38 (0.28–0.49)k | 0.60 (0.43–0.77) | 0.47 (0.28–0.65) | 0.75 (0.60–0.89)l |
KIM-1/uCr | 0.54 (0.43–0.66) | 0.57 (0.40–0.74) | 0.47 (0.29–0.66) | 0.48 (0.32–0.64) |
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; AKIN48, AKI within 48 h; AP, alkaline phosphatase; AUC, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve; CysC, cystatin C;GGT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase; ICU, intensive care unit; IL-18, interleukin-18; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; NGAL, neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin; uCr, urinary creatinine.
The number in square brackets is the number of patients with AKI.
AKI on entry: cohort: all patients on entry to the ICU (n=528).
<6 h: significantly lower than the AUC for GGT/uCr.
6 to <12 h: significantly lower than the AUCs for GGT/uCr, CysC/uCr, and KIM-1/uCr.
12 to <36 h: significantly lower than the AUCs for all other biomarkers.
≥36 h: significantly lower than the AUCs for GGT/uCr, NGAL/uCr, and KIM-1/uCr.
≥36 h: significantly higher than the AUCs for GGT/uCr and AP/uCr.
AKIN48: all patients on entry to the ICU without AKI on entry (n=381).
6 to <12 h: significantly higher than the AUC for NGAL/uCr.
≥36 h: significantly higher than the AUCs for all other biomarkers, except IL-18/uCr.
≥36 h: significantly higher than the AUCs for all other biomarkers, except CysC/uCr.
<6 h: significantly lower than the AUCs for all other biomarkers, except CysC/uCr.
≥36 h: significantly higher than the AUCs for GGT/uCr.