Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Treatment Patterns Associated With Each Bleed Location*
| Baseline Characteristics | No Bleeding (n = 6,284) | Access-Site Bleeding (n = 1,658) | Superficial Bleeding (n = 873) | Systemic Bleeding (n = 756) | Surgical Bleeding (n = 1,181) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics
| |||||
| Age, yrs | 67 (60–74) | 69 (62–75) | 69 (63–76) | 73 (65.5–78) | 68 (61–74) |
| Female | 2,055 (32.7) | 637 (38.4) | 362 (41.5) | 297 (39.29) | 338 (28.6) |
| Non-white race | 913 (14.5) | 221 (13.3) | 104 (11.9) | 116 (15.3) | 177 (15.0) |
|
| |||||
| Medical history
| |||||
| HTN | 4,196 (66.8) | 1,160 (70.0) | 616 (70.6) | 569 (75.3) | 836 (70.8) |
| DM | 1,788 (28.5) | 453 (27.3) | 257 (29.4) | 293 (38.8) | 396 (33.5) |
| Prior MI | 1,825 (29.1) | 405 (24.5) | 249 (28.6) | 224 (29.7) | 281 (23.9) |
| Prior CABG | 1,130 (18.0) | 246 (14.8) | 170 (19.5) | 146 (19.3) | 81 (6.9) |
| Prior PCI | 1,346 (21.4) | 292 (17.6) | 158 (18.1) | 170 (22.5) | 182 (15.4) |
| Prior CHF | 551 (8.8) | 143 (8.6) | 89 (10.2) | 119 (15.7) | 118 (10.0) |
| Prior Stroke | 304 (4.8) | 71 (4.3) | 41 (4.7) | 60 (7.9) | 63 (5.3) |
| History of PVD | 579 (9.2) | 156 (9.4) | 109 (12.5) | 118 (15.6) | 122 (10.3) |
|
| |||||
| Features on presentation
| |||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.7 (24.9–31.2) | 27.6 (24.7–30.9) | 27.7 (24.9–31.3) | 27.3 (24.6–31.0) | 27.3 (25.0–31.0) |
| Killip Class | |||||
| I | 5,371 (88.8) | 1,405 (88.1) | 730 (85.6) | 559 (76.8) | 962 (84.1) |
| II | 536 (8.9) | 153 (9.6) | 106 (12.4) | 136 (18.7) | 146 (12.8) |
| III | 121 (2.0) | 27 (1.7) | 15 (1.8) | 28 (3.9) | 26 (2.3) |
| IV | 24 (0.4) | 10 (0.6) | 2 (0.2) | 5 (0.7) | 10 (0.9) |
| Creatinine clearance, † mg/dl | 76.7 (58.2–99.5) | 71.8 (54.5–94.3) | 70.8 (53.5–91.6) | 62.2 (46.0–80.2) | 75.8 (55.9–97.1) |
| Baseline hematocrit, % | 41.2 (38.1–44.0) | 40.7 (37.7–43.8) | 40.1 (37.0–43.6) | 39.0 (35.0–43.0) | 41.0 (37.9–44.1) |
| CRUSADE bleeding risk score | 26 (18–36) | 28 (18–38) | 29 (20–39) | 36 (25–46) | 28 (18–37) |
|
| |||||
| In-hospital medications
| |||||
| Aspirin | 5,934 (94.4) | 1,605 (96.8) | 839 (96.1) | 724 (95.8) | 1,121 (94.9) |
| Clopidogrel | 3,973 (63.2) | 1,227 (74.0) | 662 (75.8) | 479 (63.4) | 461 (39.0) |
| UFH | 3,270 (52.0) | 717 (43.24) | 399 (45.7) | 350 (46.3) | 572 (48.4) |
| Enoxaparin | 3,014 (48.0) | 941 (56.8) | 474 (54.3) | 406 (53.7) | 609 (51.6) |
| GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor | 3,446 (54.9) | 1,149 (69.3) | 616 (70.6) | 482 (63.8) | 531 (45.0) |
|
| |||||
| Procedural characteristics
| |||||
| Femoral access | 5,566 (95.2) | 1,545 (94.2) | 738 (90.4) | 638 (93.3) | 1,132 (97.0) |
| Sheath size, F | 6 (6–6) | 6 (6–6) | 6 (6–6) | 6 (6–6) | 6 (6–6) |
| Vascular closure device used | 1,868 (32.8) | 580 (36.0) | 287 (35.8) | 242 (36.0) | 330 (29.0) |
| In-hospital PCI | 3,174 (50.5) | 999 (60.3) | 443 (50.7) | 321 (42.5) | 50 (4.2) |
| In-hospital CABG | 484 (7.7) | 250 (15.08) | 149 (17.07) | 190 (25.1) | 1,127 (95.4) |
| Hours from catheterization to CABG | 64.5 (23.6–140.9) | 114.2 (47.5–187.3) | 118.9 (45.2–237.2) | 90.9 (39.6–185.9) | 49.6 (22.8–115.4) |
| RBC transfusion | 265 (4.2) | 319 (19.2) | 162 (18.6) | 345 (45.6) | 900 (76.2) |
Values are median (interquartile range) or n (%).
CRUSADE bleeding risk score calculated based on the following variables: baseline hematocrit; creatinine clearance; heart rate; systolic blood pressure; female sex; heart failure on presentation; vascular disease; and diabetes mellitus (19). In the event of bleeding episodes at multiple locations for a single patient, the same patient will contribute information once to each location grouping in which a bleeding episode was recorded. Only events occurring prior to the death or MI outcome are included.
Clearance calculated using Crockoft-Gault formula.
CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CHF = congestive heart failure; CRUSADE = Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines; DM = diabetes mellitus; GP IIb/IIIa = glycoprotein IIb/IIIa; HTN = hypertension; MI = myocardial infarction; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; RBC = red blood cell; UFH = unfractionated heparin.