Table 1.

Studies regarding both AFP and PIVKA-II in the patients who underwent various treatment modalities for HCC.

Author	Year	Number of patients	Treatment modality	Tumor marker	Cutoff value of markers	Definition of tumor marker response (change from baseline)
Toyoda et al. [24]	2012	173	Curative resection	AFP AFP-L3 PIVKA-II	20 ng/dL 5% 40 mAU/mL	—
Chon et al. [20]	2012	267	Curative resection	AFP PIVKA-II	20 ng/dL 40 mAU/mL	—
Nanashima et al. [25]	2011	470	Curative resection	AFP PIVKA-II	20 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL†  40 mAU/mL, 400 mAU/mL†	—
Yamamoto et al. [26]	2009	714	Curative resection	AFP PIVKA-II	20 ng/mL 40 mAU/mL	—
Masuda et al. [27]	2010	210	Curative resection	AFP PIVKA-II	20 ng/mL 40 mAU/mL	—
Nanashima et al. [28]	2006	63	Curative resection	AFP PIVKA-II	20 ng/mL 40 mAU/mL	—
Lee et al. [22]	2013	115	TACE	AFP PIVKA-II	20 ng/mL 40 mAU/mL	≥50% reduction
Park et al. [29]	2012	327	TACE	AFP PIVKA-II	10 ng/mL 40 mAU/mL	≥50% reduction
Lee et al. [23]	2012	60 67	HAIC CCRT	AFP PIVKA-II	20 ng/mL 20 mAU/mL	≥20% reduction
Park et al. [14]	2013	111	CCRT	AFP PIVKA-II	200 ng/mL 60 mAU/mL	≥50% reduction
Kuzuya et al. [30]	2011	48	Sorafenib	AFP PIVKA-II	—‡	—
Nakazawa et al. [31]	2013	59	Sorafenib	AFP PIVKA-II	10 ng/mL 40 mAU/mL	≥20% increase Twofold increase

^†Patients were divided into 3 groups with low and high cutoff values of tumor markers in this study.

^‡Tumor marker ratio was evaluated in this study.