Table 3.
Differences in BMI, hematological, and dietary intake indices between girls with normal iron status and iron depletion (serum ferritin < 12 μg/L), with or without menses.
| Girls without menses | Girls with menses | P value§ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal iron status | Iron depletion | P value‡ | Normal iron status | Iron depletion | P value‡ | ||
| (n = 797) | (n = 151) | (n = 182) | (n = 92) | ||||
| Age (y) | 10.9 (10.5–11.5) | 11.2 (10.6–11.7) | 0.520 | 11.6 (11.2–11.9) | 11.7 (11.3–12.1) | 0.154 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | z (0.91–1.07) | z (0.95–1.04) | 0.607 | z (−1–1) | z (0.96–1.04) | 0.541 | <0.001 |
| Hematological indices | |||||||
| MCV (fL) | 82.0 (79.3–84.4) | 82.2 (80.1–84.1) | 0.852 | 83.2 (80.7–85.8) | 82.5 (79.6–85.3) | 0.015 | 0.287 |
| MCH (pg) | 27.5 (26.3–28.6) | 27.7 (26.6–28.5) | 0.795 | 28.2 (26.9–29.3) | 27.5 (26.5–28.7) | 0.892 | 0.745 |
| Dietary indices a | (n = 597) | (n = 120) | (n = 117) | (n = 56) | |||
| Energy and nutrients | |||||||
| Energy (Kcal/day) |
1740.2 (1525.8–2065.9) |
1841.4 (1565.5–2196.8) |
0.066 | 1755.4 (1577.7–1989.8) |
1819.4 (1625.6–2206.6) |
0.414 | 0.812 |
| Fat (g/day) | 81.2 (67.3–100.6) | 85.6 (69.3–102.2) | 0.306 | 77.9 (68.2–95.4) | 68.1 (82.8–100.8) | 0.471 | 0.594 |
| Fiber (g/day) | 12.0 (9.0–16.2) | 12.3 (9.8–15.8) | 0.543 | 12.7 (9.1–19.9) | 13.5 (8.7–19.5) | 0.933 | 0.559 |
| Iron (mg/day) | 9.7 (7.6–12.9) | 9.9 (7.6–12.6) | 0.788 | 9.9 (7.6–13.2) | 9.9 (7.8–13.0) | 0.883 | 0.861 |
| Magnesium (mg/day) |
210.2 (175.3–260.8) |
219.2 (187.1–270.8) |
0.170 | 207.6 (172.2–264.1) |
218.0 (194.0–265.4) |
0.230 | 0.861 |
| Selenium (mg/day) |
0.10 (0.07–0.2) | 0.12 (0.1-0.2) | 0.120 | 0.10 (0.1-0.2) | 0.12 (0.1-0.2) | 0.071 | 0.305 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 9.2 (7.4–11.3) | 9.2 (7.6–11.4) | 0.650 | 9.0 (7.4–11.0) | 9.4 (7.7–11.5) | 0.349 | 0.785 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) |
72.9 (37.1–147.8) | 70.2 (41.5–128.2) | 0.543 | 70.9 (43.7–145.6) | 106.3 (42.5–170.4) | 0.529 | 0.195 |
| Folate (μg/day) | 210.1 (142.8–279.5) | 207.6 (143.1–303.0) | 0.607 | 209.0 (143.6–294.1) | 239.0 (131.3–293.7) | 0.704 | 0.812 |
| Food items | |||||||
| Dairy products (servings/day) |
1.08 (0.75–2.00) | 1.14 (0.75–2.53) | 0.283 | 1.08 (0.66–1.50) | 1.14 (0.75–2.53) | 0.302 | 0.262 |
| Cereal (servings/day) |
0.36 (0.03–1.00) | 0.36 (0.03–1.0) | 0.657 | 0.36 (0.07–1.00) | 0.25 (0.03–1.00) | 0.502 | 0.732 |
| Cakes/biscuits (servings/day) |
0.14 (0.08–0.36) | 0.14 (0.08–0.36) | 0.838 | 0.14 (0.03–0.36) | 0.14 (0.07–0.36) | 0.908 | 0.473 |
| Red meat (servings/day) |
0.36 (0.14–0.36) | 0.14 (0.14–0.36) | 0.108 | 0.36 (0.14–0.36) | 0.36 (0.14–0.36) | 0.224 | 0.101 |
| Poultry (servings/day) |
0.14 (0.14–0.36) | 0.11 (0.07–0.13) | 0.017 | 0.14 (0.08–0.36) | 0.14 (0.08–0.36) | 0.914 | 0.247 |
| Fish (servings/day) |
0.14 (0.08–0.14) | 0.14 (0.08–0.36) | 0.608 | 0.14 (0.08–0.14) | 0.14 (0.08–0.20) | 0.674 | 0.990 |
| Fruits (servings/day) |
1.00 (0.36–1.00) | 1.00 (0.36–2.50) | 0.044 | 1.00 (0.36–2.50) | 1.00 (0.36–2.50) | 0.625 | 0.391 |
| Packed fruit juice (servings/day) |
0.14 (0.03–0.71) | 0.14 (0.03–0.71) | 0.970 | 0.14 (0.03–1.00) | 0.36 (0.14–1.00) | 0.048 | 0.913 |
| Vegetables (servings/day) |
0.36 (0.14–1.00) | 0.71 (0.36–1.00) | 0.149 | 0.36 (0.14–1.00) | 0.71 (0.30–1.00) | 0.213 | 0.865 |
| Fast food (servings/day) |
0.06 (0.02–0.06) | 0.08 (0.03–0.08) | 0.041 | 0.08 (0.03–0.08) | 0.08 (0.03–0.14) | 0.696 | 0.323 |
| Soda (servings/day) |
0.03 (0.03–0.14) | 0.08 (0.03–0.14) | 0.807 | 0.08 (0.03–0.36) | 0.08 (0.03–0.36) | 0.338 | 0.090 |
All data are presented as median (25th–75th percentile).
‡Derived from the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, indicates the statistical significance of the differences between girls with ID and normal iron status.
§Derived from the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, indicates the statistical significance of the differences between iron-depleted girls with and without menses.
BMI: body mass index; MCV: mean cell volume; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin.
aUnderreporters were excluded from all analysis concerning dietary data.