Table 1.

Operationalization of Variables Entered Into Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Item	Variable	Operationalization	% scored “1”
1	Command hallucinations	Responses “often” or “sometimes” to MUPS item 25a, “Did the voices ever tell you what to do?” scored 1	67
2	Running commentary	Responses “often” or “sometimes” to MUPS item 21a, “Did the voice(s) ever take the form of a running commentary?” scored 1	55
3	Repetitive themes and content	MUPS item 24b, “How repetitive were the voices with regard to the general theme or content of what the voices said?”, is scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “Never the same voice” to “Extremely repetitive/ always the same voice.” Participants who rated four or five on this scale were scored 1	72
4	Identical to memories	Participants who endorsed MUPS item 18c indicating that they believed “the voices seemed in some way to be ‘replays’ of memories of previous conversations you’ve had? Or have overheard?” and on MUPS item 18d indicated that these “replays” were identical to the original conversations were scored 1	12
5	Similar to memories	Participants who endorsed MUPS item 18c indicating that they believed “the voices seemed in some way to be ‘replays’ of memories of previous conversations you’ve had? Or have overheard?” and on MUPS item 18d indicated that these “replays” were similar to the original conversations were scored 1	31
6	Nonverbal auditory hallucinations	The response “yes” to MUPS item 26, “During your last illness episode did you ever hear sounds that you suspect others didn’t hear or report hearing, either together with the voices or at another time?” scored 1	32
7	Voices which don’t make sense	“No” to MUPS item 13c, “Did the words spoken by the voice(s) make sense [ie, not gibberish]?” was scored 1	21
8	First person	Positive response to MUPS item 16a-i was scored 1	28
9	Second person	Positive response to MUPS item 16a-ii/-iii was scored 1	80
10	Third person	Positive response to MUPS item 16a-iv was scored 1	65
11	Voice does not address patient	Positive response to MUPS item 16a-v was scored 1	28
12	Could be one’s own voice/thoughts	A “yes” response to MUPS item 23c, “Is it possible that it was actually your own voice and thoughts you heard?” was scored 1	34
13	Constantly occurring	Participants who endorsed “constantly with you” to MUPS item 4b “During this last episode with the voices/sounds, how frequently were the voices/sounds with you?” were scored 1	48

Note: All responses not scored 1 were scored 0. MUPS, Mental Health Research Institute Unusual Perceptions Schedule.