Table 1.
Demographic and Descriptive Statistics
| Schizophrenia1 | Bipolar2 | Control3 | Group Difference Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 50 | 17 | 24 | |
| Mean age (SD) | 39.09 (9.87) | 37.24 (9.02) | 38.22 (9.17) | F(2,89) = 0.252, P = .778 |
| Gender (%) | ||||
| Male | 25 (50) | 10 (59) | 13 (54) | χ2 = 0.431, df = 2, P = .806 |
| Female | 25 (50) | 7 (41) | 1 (46) | |
| Race (%) | χ2 = 15.692, df = 2, P = .016* | |||
| African American | 36 (72) | 5 (29) | 14 (58) | |
| Caucasian | 14 (28) | 10 (59) | 10 (42) | |
| Native American | — | 1 (6) | — | |
| Asian | — | 1 (6) | — | |
| Mean years of education (SD) | 11.74 (1.84) | 12.59 (2.09) | 15.13 (2.24) | F(2,89) = 22.828, P < .001* |
| Total duration of psychiatric hospitalization in days (SD) | 310.43 (542.61) | 269.05 (337.50) | — | t(65) = 0.314, P = .754 |
| Mean GAF (SD) | 47.64 (13.38) | 56.00 (8.10) | 83.07 (8.71) | F(2,89) = 52.077, P < .001* |
| Mean PANSS (SD) | 66.05 (17.99) | 52.87 (12.75) | — | t(58) = 2.615, P = .011* |
| Positive | 17.15 (6.83) | 13.31 (4.18) | — | |
| Negative | 15.15 (4.80) | 10.81 (3.97) | — | |
| General | 33.41 (9.63) | 28.40 (8.24) | — | |
| Mean word count for narratives (SD) | 541.20 (231.51) | 484.00 (262.56) | 579.08 (200.31) | F(2,89) = 0.852, P = .430 |
| Mean SOS scores (SD) | ||||
| Articulation of relatedness | 4.20 (0.97) | 4.06 (1.25) | 4.50 (0.89) | |
| Quality of relatedness | 3.59 (1.36) | 4.02 (1.54) | 4.87 (1.51) | |
| Level of relatedness | 4.57 (1.39) | 5.44 (1.66) | 6.43 (1.21) | |
| Level of self-definition | 4.50 (1.54) | 6.18 (1.67) | 7.25 (1.65) | |
| Negative-positive self-regard | 4.08 (1.21) | 4.88 (0.93) | 5.42 (1.10) | |
| Self-critical | 3.98 (1.02) | 4.19 (0.83) | 4.45 (0.67) | |
| Striving/ambitious | 2.51 (0.81) | 2.82 (0.99) | 3.37 (0.86) | |
| Substantiality | 2.88 (0.94) | 3.06 (0.90) | 3.46 (0.59) | |
| Differentiation/integration | 3.48 (1.07) | 3.88 (1.27) | 5.54 (1.22) | |
Note: GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia; SOS, sense of self. *P < .05.