Wernicke8–10
|
Sejunction psychosis (interruptions in association pathways) |
Weygandt11
|
Decay of apperception (Wundt), apperceptive stupefecation (Verblödung) |
Sommer12
|
Slowed ideation, unable to disengage attention, visual fixation |
Tschich13, Maselon14, Kraepelin15,16, Ziehen17, Aschaffenberg18
|
Insufficient attention |
Freusberg19, Schüle20
|
Weakening of consciousness (reduction of force in conscious activities) |
Lehmann21
|
Reduced energy of consciousness |
Vogt22
|
Narrowing of consciousness, captivated by one idea |
Pelletier23
|
Absence of guiding principle or goal |
Gross24
|
Dementia sejunctiva, disintegration of consciousness (Bewusstseinszerfall) with parallel running series of associations |
Stransky25,26
|
Intrapsychic ataxia, functional disharmony between cognitive components, “schism” |
Jung27
|
Dissociation as an abaissement du niveau mental (Janet) |
Löwy28
|
Emptying of intention, reduced goal directedness as core to stupefecation (Verblödungsprozess; Kraepelin, Weygandt) |
Bleuler5,6
|
General loosening of associations with fissure of personality |
Berze29,30
|
Insufficiency of mental activity, hypotonia of conscious mental acts |
The critics |
Jaspers4,31–35
|
Nonunderstandability of primary symptoms betray underlying neurobiological process not grasped by one theory |
Gruhle36,37
|
Primary symptoms are independent, cannot be summarized by one catchy or trendy term |
Mayer-Gross38,39
|
Phenomenological method fallible, not absolute; disrupted memory plays a role in modified persistence of delusions in residual state |