Table 3.

Phenomenologists Following Jaspers

Authors	Phenomenological Hypothesis Concerning Delusions and Schizophrenia
Matussek58,59	Loosening of the “natural” connectedness between objects (Auflockerung des naturlichen Wahrnehmungszusammenhang) results in the “releasing” of expressive physiognomic qualities
Conrad53	Reduced energy capacity, release of the Gestalt physiognomic qualities (protopathic functional change of the Vorgestalt) (Hughlings Jackson, H. Head, von Weizsaecker)
Kisker60	Reorganization of field of consciousness
Ey61	Disruption of field of consciousness based on Hughlings Jackson’s hierarchical model of brain function
Binswanger51,52	Loosening of mnemic schema, failure of self-transcendence, similar to dreaming, loss of distance, temporal shrinking to the present
Blankenburg62–64	Loss of common sense, becoming independent of the delusional theme, inability to exchange perspectives or shift reference frames
Blankenburg63,64	Only self-critical phenomenological method and awareness of limits will prevent a return to subjectivism in psychiatry

Note: Phenomenologists tempered by Jaspers’ sobering critique take more modest position regarding phenomenologically generated hypotheses concerning individual symptoms. Reprinted from Mishara and Schwartz⁷ Copyright (2013), with permission from S. Karger AG, Basel.