SLIT3/ROBO4 signaling is required for efficient vascular network formation in vitro. a, Gene expression levels of SLIT3 (left) and ROBO4 (right) in MSCs and ECs, respectively, each transfected with 3 different siRNAs against the target gene show significant knockdown by qPCR. b, ECs (red) were co-cultured in three-dimensional in vitro gels with MSCs (green) after siRNA infection of MSCs with a control siRNA (scramble, top) or siRNA against SLIT3 (siSLIT3, bottom). SLIT3 knockdown caused cell aggregation, identified as large overlapping cell clusters comprised of both cell types (yellow, right), suggesting that SLIT3 acts as a repellant signal or mobility signal for ECs during vessel formation. c, Quantification of this effect, expressed as co-localization, shows a significant increase in co-localized cells in the EC:MSC-siSLIT3 group compared to scramble control (***P<0.001).