Table 1. Estimated parameter values from minimal adequate linear models on temporal changes in a) community average () and b) community variation () between 2003 and 2010 as a function of altitude, with linear (L), quadratic (Q) and cubic (C) polynomials of altitude as predictors and altitudinal ranges within 214 1-km² sample squares as covariates.

	plants		butterflies		birds
a) community average ΔCTIi
Intercept	7.78	*	37.75	*	41.65	*
altitude (L)	−1.10×10−2	*	−4.59×10−2	*	4.09×10−2
altitude (Q)	−3.00×10−6		−1.00×10−6		2.00×10−6
altitude (C)	<1.00×10−6		<1.00×10−6		<1.00×10−6
altitudinal range	−3.10×10−2		4.35×10−2		−2.00×10−1
b) community variation ΔCTVi
Intercept	−2.39		27.89	*	5.21
altitude (L)	6.01×10−2		−1.10×10−1	*	3.91×10−1
altitude (Q)	7.00×10−5		−1.50×10−5		2.80×10−5
altitude (C)	<−1.00×10−6		<1.00×10−6		<1.00×10−6
altitudinal range	−1.46×10−1		2.93×10−1	*	−3.39×10−1

Intercepts indicate and at 500 m above sea level. Asterisks (*) indicate significant values (p<0.05).