Table 2.
Variable | Baseline, Mean ± SD | 3 months, Mean ± SD | Mean Difference ± SD | P-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hemoglobin A1C (%) | 8.53 ± 2.58 | 7.64 ± 1.72 | −0.90 ± 1.77 | 0.01b,c |
Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 167.90 ± 82.46 | 154.26 ± 70.16 | −13.64 ± 55.63 | 0.13d |
Insulin (mg/dl) | 13.72 ± 11.32 | 16.73 ± 13.33 | 3.01 ± 9.28 | 0.15c |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 191.38 ± 34.31 | 177.95 ± 40.98 | −13.44 ± 28.42 | 0.01b,c |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 120.67 ± 32.27 | 110.38 ± 34.81 | −10.28 ± 24.75 | 0.03b,d |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 49.74 ± 10.49 | 46.90 ± 9.96 | −2.84 ± 6.72 | 0.01b,d |
Cholesterol/HDL ratio | 3.99 ± 1.05 | 3.94 ± 1.13 | −0.05 ± 0.73 | 0.68d |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 166.21 ± 83.67 | 170.79 ± 102.78 | 4.59 ± 60.97 | 0.64d |
Low intensity PA (kcals) | 4013 ± 2888 | 3398 ± 1858 | −616 ± 2566 | 0.23d |
Moderate intensity PA (kcals) | 715 ± 980 | 1083 ± 949 | 368 ± 894 | <0.01b,c |
High intensity PA (kcals) | 331 ± 1457 | 736 ± 2085 | 405 ± 2569 | 0.05a,b |
Abbreviation: PA, physical activity.
Low intensity physical activity = metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score of <3.0, for example, leisurely walk. Moderate intensity physical activity = MET score of 3.0-6.0, for example, brisk walk. High intensity physical activity = MET score of >6.0, for example, running/jogging.
P ≤ 0.05.
Paired t-test.
Wilcoxon signed rank test.