Table 1. Risk factors and characteristics in hypertensive patients aged greater than 50 years in England and the United States.
| England | United States | |||||||
| Years of education | ||||||||
| Low | Medium | High | Total | Low | Medium | High | Total | |
| Age 50 to 64 years | ||||||||
| N hypertensive¤ | 451 | 63 | 212 | 726 | 340 | 164 | 164 | 668 |
| Prevalence, % (SE) | 35.9 (2.2) | 30.2 (3.5) | 30.1 (2.2) | 33.4 (1.8) | 47.3 (2.4)‡ | 43 (2.9)‡ | 33.4 (2.6) | 41.7 (1.7)‡ |
| Sex (% Female, SE)¤ | 54.0 (2.4) | 39.9 (6.1) | 40.0 (3.3) | 49.3 (1.9) | 48.5 (3.8) | 38.1 (5.1) | 35.6 (5.3) | 42.8 (2.7) |
| Age, mean (SE)¤ | 60.3 (0.1) | 59.7 (0.3) | 59.9 (0.2) | 60.1 (0.1) | 59.2 (0.2) | 59.1 (0.3) | 59.2 (0.3) | 59.2 (0.2) |
| Current smoker, % (SE) | 20.5 (2.0) | 12.6 (4.4) | 8.2 (2.2) | 16.7 (1.5) | 25.0 (2.7) | 19.3 (3.5) | 11.6 (3.0) | 20.0 (1.8) |
| BMI mean (SE) | 30.6 (0.3) | 29.9 (0.7) | 29.3 (0.3) | 30.2 (0.2) | 31.5 (0.5) | 31.9 (0.7)‡ | 30.7 (0.7) | 31.4 (0.3)‡ |
| >1 Vascular Co Morb, % (SE) | 17.3 (1.8) | 20.5 (5.2) | 12.1 (2.2) | 16.2 (1.4) | 38.4 (3.7)‡ | 27.9 (4.9)‡ | 20.4 (4.8)‡ | 31.4 (2.5)‡ |
| Insurance coverage, % (SE) | 86.0 (2.6) | 94.2 (2.4) | 96.0 (2.5) | 90.5 (1.6) | ||||
| Age≥65 years | ||||||||
| N hypertensive¤ | 1195 | 68 | 329 | 1592 | 1344 | 416 | 427 | 2187 |
| Prevalence, % (SE) | 55.0 (1.1) | 46.1 (4.1) | 48.4 (1.9) | 53.4 (0.9) | 65.2 (1.2)‡ | 61.7 (2.1)‡ | 58.9 (2.0)‡ | 63.1 (0.9)‡ |
| Sex (% Female, SE)¤ | 61.3 (1.4) | 43.3 (6.0) | 39.3 (2.7) | 57.2 (1.3) | 54.3 (1.9) | 51.6 (3.4) | 33.3 (3.1) | 49.7 (1.5) |
| Age, mean (SE)¤ | 76.6 (0.2) | 75.3 (1.0) | 74.3 (0. 5) | 76.2 (0.2) | 74.8 (0.3) | 73.7 (0.5) | 74.0 (0. 5) | 74.4 (0.2) |
| Current smoker, % (SE) | 10.3 (0.9) | 4.7 (2.7) | 5.2 (1.2) | 9.3 (0.8) | 11.1 (0.9) | 9.6 (1.8) | 5.0 (1.2) | 9.6 (0.7) |
| BMI mean (SE) | 28.9 (0.2) | 29.2 (0.8) | 28.2 (0.3) | 28.8 (0.1) | 29.8 (0.2)‡ | 29.8 (0.5) | 29.2 (0.3)‡ | 29.7 (0.2)‡ |
| >1 Vascular Co Morb, % (SE) | 27.5 (1.3) | 33.4 (5.7) | 24.9 (2.4) | 27.3 (1.1) | 41.1 (1.9)‡ | 35.0 (3.2) | 31.6 (3.1)‡ | 38.0 (1.4)‡ |
| Income | ||||||||
| Low | Medium | High | Total | Low | Medium | High | Total | |
| Age 50 to 64 years | ||||||||
| N hypertensive¤ | 184 | 250 | 292 | 726 | 161 | 196 | 311 | 668 |
| Prevalence, % (SE) | 37.7 (2.8) | 35.2 (2.5) | 30.1 (2.0) | 33.4 (1.8) | 47.8 (3.4)‡ | 45.2 (3.0)‡ | 38.1 (2.1)‡ | 41.7 (1.7)‡ |
| Sex (% Female, SE)¤ | 51.6 (3.8) | 49.7 (3.2) | 47.2 (2.9) | 49.3 (1.9) | 53.1 (5.5) | 47.1 (5.1) | 34.5 (3.7) | 42.8 (2.7) |
| Age, mean (SE)¤ | 60.1 (0.2) | 60.4 (0.2) | 60.0 (0.2) | 60.1 (0.1) | 59.0 (0.3) | 59.2 (0.3) | 59.3 (0.2) | 59.2 (0.2) |
| Current smoker, % (SE) | 23.7 (3.3) | 18.4 (2.6) | 10.1 (1.9) | 16.7 (1.5) | 29.0 (4.1) | 24.0 (3.5) | 13.6 (2.2) | 20.0 (1.8) |
| BMI mean (SE) | 31.2 (0.5) | 30.2 (0.4) | 29.6 (0.3) | 30.2 (0.2) | 32.3 (0.7) | 31.6 (0.7)‡ | 30.9 (0.5) | 31.4 (0.3)‡ |
| >1 Vascular Co Morb, % (SE) | 23.2 (3.2) | 16.9 (2.4) | 10.5 (1.8) | 16.2 (1.4) | 53.3 (5.4)‡ | 24.0 (4.4)‡ | 23.7 (3.4)‡ | 31.4 (2.5)‡ |
| Insurance coverage, % (SE) | 75.3 (4.7) | 94.0 (2.2) | 96.8 (1.4) | 90.5 (1.6) | ||||
| Age≥65 years | ||||||||
| N hypertensive¤ | 626 | 633 | 333 | 1592 | 762 | 856 | 569 | 2187 |
| Prevalence, % (SE) | 54.8 (1.5) | 54.3 (1.5) | 49.0 (1.9) | 53.4 (0.9) | 68.5 (1.6)‡ | 63.2 (1.4)‡ | 57.2 (1.7)‡ | 63.1 (0.9)‡ |
| Sex (% Female, SE)¤ | 64.8 (1.9) | 53.6 (2.0) | 47.1 (2.8) | 57.2 (1.3) | 55.4 (2.6) | 50.3 (2.3) | 41.6 (2.8) | 49.7 (1.5) |
| Age, mean (SE)¤ | 77.5 (0.3) | 75.9 (0.3) | 74.0 (0.4) | 76.2 (0.2) | 74.9 (0.4) | 74.3 (0.3) | 73.9 (0.4) | 74.4 (0.2) |
| Current smoker, % (SE) | 10.1 (1.2) | 9.9 (1.2) | 6.0 (1.3) | 9.3 (0.8) | 12.9 (1.4) | 9.5 (1.1) | 5.3 (1.0) | 9.6 (0.7) |
| BMI mean (SE) | 28.6 (0.2) | 28.9 (0.2) | 29.0 (0.3) | 28.8 (0.1) | 29.1 (0.3)‡ | 30.1 (0.3)‡ | 29.6 (0.3) | 29.7 (0.2)‡ |
| >1 Vascular Co Morb, % (SE) | 26.7 (1.8) | 28.5 (1.8) | 26.1 (2.5) | 27.3 (1.1) | 47.4 (2.6)‡ | 36.0 (2.2)‡ | 29.4 (2.6) | 38.0 (1.4)‡ |
| Wealth | ||||||||
| Low | Medium | High | Total | Low | Medium | High | Total | |
| Age 50 to 64 years | ||||||||
| N hypertensive¤ | 243 | 224 | 259 | 726 | 237 | 225 | 206 | 668 |
| Prevalence, % (SE) | 43.3 (2.7) | 31.0 (2.3) | 28.1 (2.1) | 33.4 (1.8) | 53.1 (2.9)‡ | 42.2 (2.6)‡ | 32.1 (2.4) | 41.7 (1.7)‡ |
| Sex (% Female, SE)¤ | 48.2 (3.2) | 53.8 (3.4) | 46.2 (3.2) | 49.3 (1.9) | 48.1 (4.5) | 41.7 (4.7) | 37.2 (4.6) | 42.8 (2.7) |
| Age, mean (SE)¤ | 60.1 (0.2) | 60.2 (0.2) | 60.1 (0.2) | 60.1 (0.1) | 58.9 (0.3) | 59.1 (0.3) | 59.6 (0.3) | 59.2 (0.2) |
| Current smoker, % (SE) | 27.3 (2.9) | 13.9 (2.4) | 7.5 (1.8) | 16.7 (1.5) | 30.0 (3.4) | 18.8 (3.0) | 10.1 (2.4) | 20.0 (1.8) |
| BMI mean (SE) | 31.4 (0.4) | 30.0 (0.3) | 29.2 (0.3) | 30.2 (0.2) | 32.1 (0.6) | 31.8 (0.5) | 30.3 (0.5) | 31.4 (0.3)‡ |
| >1 Vascular Co Morb, % (SE) | 24.4 (2.8) | 13.1 (2.2) | 10.0 (1.9) | 16.2 (1.4) | 44.9 (4.4)‡ | 23.6 (4.1)‡ | 22.6 (4.2)‡ | 31.4 (2.5)‡ |
| Insurance coverage, % (SE) | 83.5 (3.3) | 91.9 (2.6) | 97.7 (1.6) | 90.5 (1.6) | ||||
| Age≥65 years | ||||||||
| N hypertensive¤ | 513 | 594 | 485 | 1592 | 586 | 778 | 823 | 2187 |
| Prevalence, % (SE) | 58.4 (1.7) | 54.1 (1.5) | 47.4 (1.6) | 53.4 (0.9) | 67.8 (1.8)‡ | 65.2 (1.5)‡ | 58.7 (1.4)‡ | 63.1 (0.9)‡ |
| Sex (% Female, SE)¤ | 62.6 (2.2) | 57.1 (2.0) | 50.0 (2.3) | 57.2 (1.3) | 61.1 (2.8) | 47.6 (2.5) | 43.4 (2.3) | 49.7 (1.5) |
| Age, mean (SE)¤ | 77.2 (0.4) | 76.1 (0.4) | 75.1 (0.4) | 76.2 (0.2) | 74.5 (0.4) | 74.3 (0.4) | 74.4 (0.3) | 74.4 (0.2) |
| Current smoker, % (SE) | 15.3 (1.6) | 6.5 (1.0) | 5.1 (1.1) | 9.3 (0.8) | 14.8 (1.6) | 9.8 (1.2) | 5.7 (1.0) | 9.6 (0.7) |
| BMI mean (SE) | 29.1 (0.2) | 29.0 (0.2) | 28.0 (0.2) | 28.8 (0.1) | 29.4 (0.4) | 29.9 (0.3)‡ | 29.6 (0.3)‡ | 29.7 (0.2)‡ |
| >1 Vascular Co Morb, % (SE) | 34.1 (2.1) | 26.0 (1.8) | 19.8 (1.9) | 27.3 (1.1) | 47.2 (2.9)‡ | 38.7 (2.5)‡ | 30.9 (2.2)‡ | 38.0 (1.4)‡ |
BMI = Body Mass Index; BP = Blood Pressure; SE = standard error; Co Morb = co-morbidity; Age controlled to 57 in former age group and 75 in latter.
Not tested for statistical significance controlling for age and sex.
†p<0.05.
‡p<0.01 testing the English against the US, controlling for age and sex.