Table 1. Characteristics of the participants according to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome by gender.
| Overallproportion | Total | P | Men | P | Women | P | ||||
| absence | presence | absence | presence | absence | presence | |||||
| Sex (%) | 0.134 | |||||||||
| male | 48.5(0.4) | 49.8(0.7) | 47.9(0.9) | |||||||
| female | 51.5(0.4) | 50.2(0.7) | 52.1(0.9) | |||||||
| Age (years) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |||||||
| 40–49 | 38.4(0.8) | 56.8(1.1) | 10.0(0.9) | 45.0(1.3) | 34.5(1.5) | 49.9(1.2) | 17.8(1.1) | |||
| 50–59 | 29.2(0.7) | 32.4(0.9) | 24.4(1.0) | 30.0(1.1) | 33.0(1.4) | 28.5(0.9) | 29.0(1.2) | |||
| 60–69 | 17.5(0.5) | 8.9(0.5) | 30.6(0.8) | 14.8(0.7) | 20.8(1.0) | 12.5(0.7) | 27.0(1.0) | |||
| ≥70 | 14.9(0.5) | 1.8(0.2) | 35.0(1.2) | 10.2(0.6) | 11.7(0.8) | 9.0(0.6) | 26.2(1.2) | |||
| Residence (urban) | 74.9(2.1) | 76.2(2.0) | 73.7(2.2) | 0.013 | 74.6(2.3) | 76.1(2.3) | 0.348 | 77.8(2.0) | 71.5(2.4) | <.001 |
| Education (>6yrs) | 67.0(0.8) | 74.6(0.9) | 58.4(1.2) | <.001 | 78.9(1.0) | 79.5(1.2) | 0.699 | 70.2(1.1) | 39.1(1.4) | <.001 |
| Income (lowest quartile) | 21.6(0.7) | 17.2(0.8) | 26.4(1.0) | <.001 | 16.8(0.9) | 18.1(1.0) | 0.289 | 17.7(0.9) | 34.0(1.3) | <.001 |
| Occupation (farmer/fisher) | 10.2(1.1) | 10.3(1.2) | 10.1(1.1) | 0.833 | 13.3(1.6) | 10.2(1.3) | 0.010 | 7.3(0.9) | 10.0(1.2) | 0.003 |
| Outdoor activities (yes) | 98.3(0.4) | 98.4(0.4) | 98.3(0.5) | 0.794 | 98.8(0.3) | 98.1(0.6) | 0.084 | 97.9(0.6) | 98.5(0.6) | 0.295 |
| Sun exposure (yes) | 25.7(1.0) | 25.1(1.1) | 26.6(1.3) | 0.179 | 33.6(1.4) | 32.8(1.5) | 0.660 | 16.7(1.1) | 20.8(1.6) | <.001 |
| Family history of eye disease (yes) | 18.1(0.5) | 20.6(0.7) | 15.6(0.7) | <.001 | 18.2(0.9) | 17.1(1.2) | 0.471 | 22.9(0.9) | 14.2(0.9) | <.001 |
| Ever-smoker (yes) | 44.1(0.5) | 44.1(0.8) | 44.6(1.0) | <.001 | 81.1(0.9) | 83.7(1.1) | 0.074 | 7.3(0.6) | 8.7(0.7) | 0.136 |
| Heavy drinker (yes) | 18.0(0.6) | 16.2(0.7) | 20.7(1.0) | <.001 | 24.1(1.1) | 30.8(1.5) | <.001 | 6.1(0.7) | 5.4(0.8) | 0.505 |
| Regular exercise (yes) | 25.5(0.7) | 27.4(0.8) | 24.0(0.8) | <.001 | 29.1(1.1) | 25.4(1.3) | 0.017 | 74.3(1.0) | 77.3(1.2) | 0.025 |
Data are presented as the means±SE or % (SE).