Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of PD patients.

	Age	Sex	Handedness	Duration	UPDRS III	H & Y	FOGQ	Medication	MMSE	BDI
PDr	69	F	L	16	50	3	8	Lev, LevR, Pr, Am, Ras	30	2
PDnr	48	M	R	8	40	3	10	Lev, RopXL, Ras,	30	5

UPDRS III, United Parkinson’s Disease rating scale, motor section (16). Range 0–108. Higher scores indicate greater impairments. Scores of 50 and 40 reflect moderately severe motor impairment.

H&Y Stage, Hoehn and Yahr (1967) staging. Range 0–5. Stage 3 indicates moderately severe parkinsonism.

FOGQ, freezing of gait questionnaire (17). Raw score range 0–24. Higher scores indicate greater impairment.

MMSE, Folstein mini-mental state examination (18). Range 0–30. Higher scores reflect better cognitive performance. Scores below 24 indicate cognitive impairment; thus, neither patient showed dementia.

BDI, Beck depression inventory (19). Range 0–63. Higher scores reflect increasing depression. Scores below 10 indicate no or minimal depression. Thus, neither patient showed depression.

Scores on the MMSE and BDI were available for PDnr 5 months prior to testing, and for PDr, 2 years prior to testing.

Duration: years since first remembered parkinsonian symptom.

Medication codes: LevR, Carbidopa/levodopa sustained release; Lev, Carbidopa/levodopa (regular formulation); Pr, Pramipexole; RopXL, Ropinirole extended release; Ras, Rasagiline; Am, Amantadine.