Table 2.
Postoperative complications in the entire patient cohort (n = 478)
| Complication | n (%) |
| Cardiopulmonary | 90 (18.8) |
| Myocardial infarction | 4 (0.8) |
| Cardiac arrest | 15 (3.1) |
| Congestive heart failure | 6 (1.3) |
| Respiratory insufficiency/failure1 | 12 (2.5) |
| Pneumonia | 34 (7.1) |
| Pleural effusion (symptomatic) | 19 (4.0) |
| Liver/biliary | 70 (14.6) |
| Increased bilirubin2 | 59 (12.3) |
| Bile leak/biloma | 5 (1.0) |
| Cholangitis | 6 (1.3) |
| Gastrointestinal | 12 (2.5) |
| Ileus | 5 (1.0) |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 7 (1.5) |
| Infection | 34 (7.1) |
| Deep wound infection | 23 (4.8) |
| Sepsis/bacteremia | 11 (2.3) |
| Renal and genitourinary | 59 (12.3) |
| Renal insufficiency/failure | 17 (3.6) |
| Urinary tract infection | 23 (4.8) |
| Urinary retention | 19 (4.0) |
| Miscellaneous | 23 (4.8) |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 5 (1.0) |
| Need for reoperation | 7 (1.5) |
| Perioperative hemorrhage | 11 (2.3) |
| Others3 | 10 (2.1) |
1
Prolonged ventilatory requirement or reintubation, hypoxia with prolonged supplemental oxygen requirement;
2
Not included in calculation of composite endpoint as a major postoperative complication;
3
Stroke/TIA (n = 1), pericarditis/pericardial effusion (n = 2), perihepatic abscess (n = 2), portal vein thrombosis (n = 1), biliary stricture (n = 3), perforated duodenal ulcer (n = 1).