Table 3.
Results agreement: data presented as taken from the Result section of the article
| Study | Intra-observer | Inter-observer |
|---|---|---|
| Srinivasalu et al. [6] | ||
| D2L | Average variability 95 % CI: ±1.3° | Average variability 95 % CI: ±1.26° |
| Corona et al. [7] | ||
| D2L | No analysis of agreement | No analysis of agreement |
| Jones et al. [8] | ||
| D2L | Range MD: −0.38°–0.73° | Not presented |
| Range SD: 1.97°–3.35° | ||
| M | Not presented | Not presented |
| Tanure et al. [9] | ||
| D2L | Range MAD: 2.06°–3.46° | MAD: 3.61° |
| Range SD: 1.69°–2.73° | SD: 3.18° | |
| M | Range MAD: 2.69°–3.25° | MAD: 3.85° |
| Range SD: 2.14°–2.60° | SD: 3.45° | |
| Shea et al. [10] | ||
| D2L | Overall SEM: 1.35°; (range: 1.17°–1.69°) | No analysis of inter-observer agreement |
| Limits of agreementa: ±2.6°; (range: 2.3°–3.3°) | ||
| M | Overall SEM: 1.66°; (range: 1.25°–2.29°) | |
| Limits of agreementa: ±3.25°; (range: 2.46°–4.48°) | ||
| Cheung et al. [11] | ||
| D6L | Limits of agreementb: ±3.05° | No analysis of inter-observer agreement |
| D2L | Limits of agreementb: ±2.22° | |
| Chockalingam et al. [12] | ||
| DH | Mean SEMc: 0.739° | SEMc: 1.22° |
| M | Not presented | SEMc: 1.855° |
| Allen et al. [13] | ||
| A | Range SEM: 1.71°–2.3° | Range SEM: 1.63°–3.37° |
| D2L | Range SEM: 2.97°–3.39° | Range SEM: 3.10°–4.09° |
| M | Range SEM: 2.09°–2.28° | Range SEM: 2.31°–4.09° |
| Zhang et al. [14] | ||
| A | MADd: 1.4° | MADd: 2.2° |
| D4L | MADd: 3.4° | MADd: 5.1° |
| Shaw et al. [15] | ||
| S | MAD: 2.3° | SD of differences: 4.0° |
| Limits of agreement: ±3.9° | Limits of agreement: ±8.3° | |
| M | MAD: 2.1° | SD of differences: 3.4° |
| Limits of agreement: ±3.3° | Limits of agreement: ±7.1° | |
| Qiao et al. [16] | ||
| S | Overall SD of diff.: 1.1° | |
| Limits of agreementa: ±2.2°; (range: 1.8°–2.4°) | Limits of agreementa: ±3.6° | |
| M | Overall SD of diff.: 1.8° | |
| Limits of agreementa: ±3.5°; (range: 3.1°–3.7°) | Limits of agreementa: ±5.4° | |
CI confidence interval, CR coefficient of repeatability, MD mean difference, MAD mean absolute difference, SD standard deviation, SEM standard error of the measurement, A automatic, D2,4,6L digital 2,4,6 landmarks, DH digital horizontal, M manual, S smartphone
aOriginal term: 95 % CI for measurement error/variability
bOriginal term: coefficient of repeatability (CR)
cOriginal term: technical error of measurement (TEM)
dOriginal term: average absolute difference (AAD)