. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Acad Pediatr. 2013 Mar 1;13(4):10.1016/j.acap.2013.02.008. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2013.02.008

Table 4.

Cumulative incidence of encopresis among AD/HD cases and non-AD/HD controls.

	No. with encopresis	Cumulative incidence of encopresis by age 15 years	RR (95% CI)	P-value
Definite^† encopresis
AD/HD cases (N=358)	8	2.3%	1.8 (0.7 - 4.6)	0.23
Non-AD/HD controls (N=729)	9	1.3%	referent
Definite or borderline^‡ encopresis
AD/HD cases (N=358)	8 + 7	4.3%	2.0 (1.0 - 4.1)	0.05
Non-AD/HD controls (N=729)	9 + 6	2.1%	referent

^†

Subjects were defined as having “definite” encopresis if they met all DSM-IV criteria.

^‡

Subjects were classified as having “borderline” encopresis if their medical record did not provide information regarding either the frequency of symptoms or duration of symptom criteria.