Table 1.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants at Baseline

Characteristic	Participants (N=987)
Demographic history
Age, years	63.9 (± 6.3)
White race	863 (87.7%)
Married or living as married	619 (63.0%)
College graduate	488 (49.8%)
Medical history
Excellent or very good overall self-reported health*	549 (55.6%)
Self-reported clinician-diagnosed urinary tract infection in past year	118 (12.0%)
Clinician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus	200 (20.3%)
Self-reported history of nephrolithiasis	53 (5.6%)
Gynecologic/urologic surgical history
Hysterectomy without oophorectomy	136 (13.8%)
Hysterectomy with oophorectomy	150 (15.2%)
History of urinary tract surgery†	98 (9.9%)
Medication history
Oral or vaginal estrogen use in the past year	567 (58.0%)
Current use of diuretic medications	141 (14.2%)
Use of insulin in the past year	39 (4.0%)
Use of oral diabetic medications in the past year	119 (12.1%)
Behavior and lifestyle variables
Current smoking	62 (6.3%)
Sexually active one or more times a month	310 (31.8%)
Body mass index, kg/m2‡	27.6 (± 5.7)

Data are presented as number (percent) or mean (± SD).

^*Overall health was assessed by asking participants to describe their overall health as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor.

^†Urinary tract surgery history was assessed by asking women, “Have you ever had surgery of the bladder or urinary system” and “Have you ever had surgery to help stop leakage of urine?” Women replying yes to either question were considered to have a history of urinary tract surgery.

^‡Data on body mass index were missing for 137 participants at baseline