Appendix 1.

Structured-item measures used to assess lower urinary tract symptoms

Symptom	Item stem	Response options
Any urinary incontinence (undifferentiated)	“Have you had accidental leakage of urine during the past year?” followed by “During the past month about how often did this happen?”	Never, once a month, once a week, 2 or 3 times a week, 4 to 6 times a week, once a day, 2 or 3 times a day, 4 or more times a day
Urgency-type urinary incontinence	“Do you lose control of your urine because you feel the urge to urinate but cannot reach a bathroom in time?”	Never, occasionally, most of the time, always*
Stress-type urinary incontinence	“Do you lose control of your urine when you laugh or cough or during physical activities?”	Never, occasionally, most of the time, always†
Daytime urinary frequency	“How many times do you have to urinate while you are awake during an average day (without a bladder infection)?”	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or ≥11‡
Nocturnal urinary frequency	“How may times do you usually awaken to urinate during the night (without a bladder infection)?”	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or ≥11§

^*In analysis, weekly urgency incontinence was defined as at least weekly urine leakage occurring at least occasionally when participants felt the urge to urinate but could not reach a bathroom in time.

^†In analysis, weekly stress incontinence was defined as at least weekly urine leakage occurring at least occasionally when participants laughed or coughed, or during physical activities.

^‡In analysis, daytime frequency was defined as having to urinate more than 8 times while awake during an average day, in the absence of a urinary tract infection.

^§In analysis, nocturnal frequency was defined as awakening to urinate more than once during the night in the absence of a urinary tract infection.