Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics According to Quartiles of Energy‐adjusted Intake of Phylloquinone and Menaquinones of 35 476 Dutch Adults
| Phylloquinone | Menaquinones | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | |
| N | 8869 | 8869 | 8869 | 8869 | 8869 | 8869 | 8869 | 8869 |
| Female sex | 66.8 | 71.6 | 77.4 | 83.7 | 63.4 | 73.3 | 79.4 | 83.5 |
| Age, y | 46.4±12.4 | 48.4±11.8 | 49.9±11.6 | 52.3±10.9 | 44.9±12.9 | 49.2±11.9 | 50.7±11.2 | 52.2±10.1 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.3±3.9 | 25.5±3.9 | 25.7±3.9 | 26.2±4.1 | 25.3±3.9 | 25.7±4.0 | 25.8±4.0 | 25.8±4.0 |
| Waist‐hip ratio | 0.83±0.09 | 0.82±0.09 | 0.82±0.08 | 0.82±0.08 | 0.83±0.09 | 0.83±0.08 | 0.82±0.08 | 0.81±0.08 |
| Current smoker | 32.9 | 29.2 | 28.6 | 29.6 | 35.4 | 30.7 | 27.7 | 38.6 |
| Physically inactive* | 34.7 | 30.4 | 30.2 | 32.0 | 34.1 | 32.2 | 30.5 | 30.6 |
| Higher education | 23.6 | 21.2 | 20.4 | 16.6 | 17.7 | 18.4 | 21.0 | 24.7 |
| Diabetes | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
| Use of oral anticontraceptives* | 30.7 | 32.2 | 33.8 | 34.6 | 30.4 | 32.2 | 34.7 | 33.9 |
| Hypertension | 33.8 | 35.0 | 37.9 | 40.8 | 32.6 | 37.6 | 38.3 | 39 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 78 (11) | 78 (10) | 78 (10) | 78 (11) | 77 (10) | 78 (10) | 78 (11) | 78 (11) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 125 (19) | 126 (18) | 127 (19) | 128 (78) | 124 (18) | 127 (19) | 127 (19) | 128 (19) |
| Ratio total/HDL cholesterol | 4.2±1.5 | 4.3±1.4 | 4.2±1.5 | 4.4±1.5 | 4.3±1.6 | 4.3±1.6 | 4.3±1.5 | 4.2±1.4 |
| Dietary intake* | ||||||||
| Energy, kcal/day | 2062 (630) | 2098 (614) | 2064 (598) | 1981 (571) | 2094 (652) | 2061 (603) | 2037 (578) | 2014 (582) |
| Phylloquinone, μg/day | 96.6±24.6 | 156.6±15.1 | 213.7±19.0 | 332.7±81.7 | 187.8±96.6 | 201.0±96.7 | 205.8±99.2 | 205.0±97.5 |
| Menaquinones, μg/day | 29.5±14.5 | 30.4±13.6 | 31.0±13.3 | 31.7±13.5 | 15.6±3.7 | 24.7±2.2 | 33.1±2.7 | 49.3±10.8 |
| Protein, g/day | 46.6±12.3 | 48.0±11.4 | 49.1±11.7 | 50.9±12.2 | 40.9±10.8 | 46.7±10.0 | 50.5±10.3 | 56.3±11.3 |
| Saturated fat, g/day | 32.0±5.9 | 32.6±5.7 | 32.8±5.7 | 33.2±6.1 | 29.5±5.4 | 31.8±5.2 | 33.2±5.1 | 36.0±5.8 |
| Glycemic index, g/day | 0.53±0.04 | 0.53±0.04 | 0.52±0.03 | 0.52±0.04 | 0.53±0.04 | 0.53±0.04 | 0.52±0.03 | 0.52±0.04 |
| Alcohol*, g/day | 5.2 (15) | 4.7 (13) | 4.6 (13) | 4.1 (13) | 3.8 (13) | 4.7 (14) | 4.7 (13) | 5.3 (15) |
| Fiber, g/day | 21.2±4.6 | 22.9±4.4 | 23.9±4.4 | 25.5±4.7 | 23.0±5.3 | 23.4±4.8 | 23.6±4.5 | 23.5±4.6 |
| Calcium, mg/day | 1007±368 | 1055±346 | 1080±341 | 1132±347 | 809±295 | 993±284 | 1130±280 | 1343±320 |
| Vitamin C, mg/day | 94.7±39.4 | 107.0±42.5 | 113.9±44.2 | 123.1±49.4 | 101.8±47.1 | 108.8±44.1 | 113.2±43.9 | 114.9±44.6 |
Data are means±SD or % unless otherwise indicated. BMI indicates body mass index; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein.
*
Inactive or moderately inactive according to the Cambridge physical activity index.
*
Use of oral anticontraceptives for >5 years.
*
All nutrients are energy adjusted.
*
Median (interquartile range).