Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of 528 High‐risk Patients Divided by Cardiovascular Events
| All High‐risk Patients (n=528) | Cardiovascular Events During Follow‐up | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n=423) | Yes (n=105) | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 67.2 (10.7) | 66.3 (10.8) | 70.7 (9.7) | 0.0002 |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 365 (69.1) | 289 (68.3) | 76 (72.4) | 0.479 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 24.2 (3.5) | 24.4 (3.6) | 23.4 (2.9) | 0.012 |
| Hypertension, no. (%) | 429 (81.3) | 339 (80.1) | 90 (85.7) | 0.211 |
| Diabetes, no. (%) | 248 (47.0) | 197 (46.6) | 51 (48.6) | 0.744 |
| Dyslipidemia, no. (%) | 438 (83.0) | 353 (83.5) | 85 (81.0) | 0.563 |
| Current smoking, no. (%) | 112 (21.2) | 88 (20.8) | 24 (22.9) | 0.689 |
| Family history of CAD, no. (%) | 130 (24.6) | 106 (25.1) | 24 (22.9) | 0.705 |
| Systolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 129.3 (18.4) | 129.4 (18.3) | 128.9 (18.7) | 0.804 |
| Diastolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 72.7 (12.1) | 73.0 (12.3) | 71.4 (10.9) | 0.235 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, mean (SD), % | 6.4 (1.0) | 6.4 (1.0) | 6.5 (1.3) | 0.108 |
| Total/HDL cholesterol ratio, mean (SD) | 3.7 (1.1) | 3.7 (1.1) | 3.6 (1.1) | 0.713 |
| LDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 105.2 (31.6) | 106.2 (32.0) | 101.5 (29.7) | 0.180 |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 51.9 (14.5) | 52.1 (14.1) | 51.1 (15.8) | 0.556 |
| Triglycerides, median (IQR), mg/dL | 115 (83 to 154) | 117 (85 to 153) | 107 (75 to 157) | 0.234 |
| LVEF, mean (SD), % | 63.6 (6.9) | 63.8 (6.8) | 62.7 (7.4) | 0.150 |
| BNP, median (IQR), pg/mL | 28.6 (13.3 to 62.3) | 26.1 (12.4 to 54.4) | 45.3 (20.8 to 100.2) | <0.0001 |
| hsCRP, median (IQR), mg/L | 0.76 (0.30 to 1.80) | 0.70 (0.30 to 1.70) | 0.90 (0.50 to 2.40) | 0.033 |
| eGFR, mean (SD), mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 67.3 (18.1) | 68.4 (17.8) | 62.8 (18.8) | 0.0048 |
| Aspirin, no. (%) | 434 (82.2) | 342 (80.9) | 92 (87.6) | 0.118 |
| HMG‐CoA RIs, no. (%) | 373 (70.6) | 297 (70.2) | 76 (72.4) | 0.720 |
| CCB, no. (%) | 305 (57.8) | 242 (57.2) | 63 (60.0) | 0.659 |
| ACE‐I or ARB, no. (%) | 296 (56.1) | 233 (55.1) | 63 (60.0) | 0.381 |
| β‐blockers, no. (%) | 228 (43.2) | 174 (41.1) | 54 (51.4) | 0.062 |
| Anti‐diabetic drugs, no. (%) | 175 (33.1) | 132 (31.2) | 43 (41.0) | 0.064 |
| Coronary artery disease, no. (%) | 442 (83.7) | 340 (80.4) | 102 (97.1) | <0.0001 |
| FRS, median (IQR), % | 8.0 (4.0 to 11.0) | 8.0 (3.0 to 11.0) | 9.0 (7.0 to 13.0) | 0.0022 |
| SYNTAXsc, median (IQR) | 13.0 (5.0 to 20.0) | 10.0 (3.0 to 18.0) | 19.0 (15.0 to 25.8) | <0.0001 |
| SYNTAXsc ≥23, no. (%) | 91 (17.2) | 57 (13.5) | 34 (32.4) | <0.0001 |
| Baseline pulse amplitude, mean (SD) | 899 (413) | 910 (418) | 856 (388) | 0.235 |
| Ln_RH‐PAT ratio, mean (SD) | 0.292 (0.260) | 0.322 (0.267) | 0.171 (0.185) | <0.0001 |
| RHI, mean (SD) | 0.566 (0.210) | 0.595 (0.211) | 0.449 (0.163) | <0.0001 |
Data are the mean (SD), median values (25th to 75th percentile range), or no. (%). Significance was assessed by an unpaired t test, the Mann‐Whitney U test or Fisher's exact test. ACE‐I indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blockers; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FRS, Framingham Risk Score; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HMG‐CoA RIs, hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase inhibitors; hsCRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RHI, reactive hyperemia‐peripheral arterial tonometry index; RH‐PAT, reactive hyperemia‐peripheral arterial tonometry; SD, standard deviation; SYNTAXsc, Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery score.