Table 2.
Completed Studies of Mobile Technology for Cardiac Rehabilitation for Ischemic Heart Disease
| Author/Year/Country | Design/Duration | Theoretical Foundation | Non‐mHealth Components | mHealth Components | Intervention | Control | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Worringham20 2011 Australia |
Observational 6 weeks |
None | Telephone contact pre‐ and postexercise session with provider. | Smartphone, smartphone application, single‐lead ECG, GPS with real‐time transmission to providers. | Monitored exercise training (walking) 3 times weekly assisted by smartphone application. (N=6) | None |
Usability: 80% of sessions no technical problems. Ease of use rated 4.8/5 (95% CI 4.6 to 5.0). Participation: Completed 80% of scheduled exercise sessions. Exercise Capacity: 6MWT improved from 524 to 637 m (P=0.009). Health Status: SF36 Physical Health increased from 50.0 to 78.4 (P=0.03), Mental Health unchanged. Events: None |
| Korzeniowska‐Kubacka21 2011 Poland |
Nonrandomized clinical trial 8 weeks |
None | Supervised exercise sessions at outpatient clinic. No additional intervention specified as adjunct to home sessions. |
Mobile device with preprogrammed exercise training sessions with audio and visual cues for training intensity and 3‐lead ECG monitor. Data transmitted via mobile phone. | 10 clinic supervised exercise sessions followed by 14 home exercise sessions with mobile application (3 sessions per week). (N=30) | 24 clinic supervised exercise sessions (3 sessions per week). (N=32) |
Exercise Capacity: 17.6±16.1% improvement mobile vs 11.5±35.9% control (P>0.05). Risk Factors: BP not significantly changed in either group. Events: not reported |
| Blasco22 2012 Spain |
RCT 12 months |
None | In person assessment. Lifestyle counseling. Intervention participants also supplied with blood pressure cuff, glucose and lipid meter as well as education on use. |
Mobile phone with structured questionnaires for entry and transmission of blood pressure, heart rate, weight, glucose, and lipids. SMS messaging of recommendations. | Lifestyle counseling, mobile intervention, devices for home monitoring. (N=102) | Lifestyle counseling (N=101) |
Usability: mHealth group completed 89% of entries. 5/102 dropped out due to difficulty with mHealth intervention. Physical Activity: 75% met goals in mHealth group vs 73% control. Risk Factors: mHealth group more likely to improve at least 1 risk factor kor (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7) (primary outcome). mHealth group more likely to achieve goals for BP (62.1% vs 42.9%), hemoglobin A1c (86.4% vs 54.2%), and BMI (0.37 kg/m2 decrease vs 0.38 increase). No significant differences in smoking cessation, cholesterol, medication adherence. Events: 5 deaths in control group, 0 in mHealth group |
6MWT indicates 6‐minute walk test; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; ECG, electrocardiogram; GPS, global positioning system; RCT, randomized clinical trial; RR, relative risk; SF‐36, short form 36; SMS, short message service.