Table 2.
Patient and Procedural Characteristics
| Patient and Procedural Characteristics | Total (n=496) | Coil (n=158) | Device (n=338) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | <0.001 | |||
| <6 mo | 40 (8) | 4 (3) | 36 (11) | |
| 6 mo to 2 y | 250 (50) | 71 (45) | 179 (53) | |
| 3 to 17 y | 185 (37) | 81 (51) | 104 (31) | |
| ≥18 y | 21 (4) | 2 (1) | 19 (6) | |
| Weight, kg | 12.2 [8.9, 19.5] (2.2, 132.0) | 14.8 [10.4, 27.0] (3.0, 132.0) | 11.2 [8.4, 17.7] (2.2, 107.8) | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 319 (64) | 99 (63) | 220 (65) | 0.62 |
| Diagnosis | 0.14 | |||
| Isolated PDA | 445 (90) | 136 (86) | 309 (91) | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 6 (1) | 2 (1) | 4 (1) | |
| Intracardiac disease and PDA | 45 (9) | 20 (13) | 25 (7) | |
| Genetic syndrome | 65 (13) | 28 (18) | 37 (11) | 0.05 |
| Noncardiac problem | 113 (23) | 33 (21) | 80 (24) | 0.57 |
| Spontaneous respiration | 171 (34) | 65 (41) | 106 (31) | 0.04 |
| Inotrope support during case | 4 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0.60 |
| Case duration, min | 64 [51, 83] (16, 298) | 62 [47, 84] (16, 289) | 65 [52, 83] (30, 298) | 0.24 |
| <1 h | 209 (42) | 74 (47) | 135 (40) | 0.06 |
| ≥1 h, <2 h | 252 (51) | 70 (44) | 182 (54) | |
| ≥2 h, <3 h | 24 (5) | 12 (8) | 12 (4) | |
| ≥3 h | 10 (2) | 2 (1) | 8 (2) | |
| Contrast dose, mL/kg | 3.5 [2.4, 4.7] (0.0, 14.7) | 2.3 [1.7, 3.4] (0.0, 10.0) | 3.9 [3.0, 5.0] (0.5, 14.7) | <0.001 |
| Minimum lumen diameter of PDA (n=132, 330) | 2.0 [1.7, 3.0] (0.5, 12.0) | 1.0 [1.0, 2.0] (0.5, 6.0) | 2.5 [2.0, 3.0] (1.0, 12.0) | <0.001 |
Number (%) or median [IQR] (range). PDA indicates patent ductus arteriosus.