Figure 24.

Impact of extracellular HSP70 on TLR4 signaling in vivo. Gene expression levels of IL‐1β (Il1β), IL‐6 (Il6), and TNF‐α (Tnfα) at 24 hours after intravenous injection of human recombinant HSP70 or vehicle in Tlr4^+/+ and Tlr4^−/− hearts (n=4). Expression levels of each gene were normalized to those of GAPDH (Gapdh). WT, Tlr4^+/+ mice; KO, Tlr4^−/− mice. *P<0.05 vs vehicle; ^†P<0.05 vs Tlr4^+/+ mice. HSP indicates heat shock protein; IL, interleukin; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase; TLR, Toll‐like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; WT, wild‐type.