Table 3. D values for the microsatellite loci and pairwise Φst for mtDNA HVR sequences.

	Netherlands	M Germany	N Germany	Denmark	Belarus	Sweden	Kaz/W Rus	Iceland	E Russia
Netherlands	-	−0.03529	−0.06135	−0.04698	−0.05796	0.23901	−0.00394	0.53332*	0.91115*
M Germany	0.005	-	−0.13251	−0.11034	−0.09773	0.32468	−0.05243	0.51159	0.91407
N Germany	0.026	0.022	-	−0.21049	−0.11098	0.33619	−0.13143	0.47302	0.92038
Denmark	0.009	0.029	0.018	-	−0.06555	0.30287	−0.09829	0.44205	0.90956
Belarus	0.000	0.039	0.037	0.030	-	0.39894	−0.09067	0.51269	0.92515
Sweden	0.022*	−0.010	0.036	0.027	0.018	-	0.32384	0.59999	0.97015
Kaz/SW Rus	0.011	0.002	0.019	0.019	−0.000	0.017	-	0.54314	0.93078
Iceland	0.106*	0.088*	0.111*	0.094*	0.175*	0.134*	0.129*	-	0.90610
E Russia	−0.071	−0.061	−0.004	−0.040	−0.127	−0.042	−0.093	0.081	-

Below the diagonal: D values for the microsatellite loci; above the diagonal: pairwise Φst for mtDNA HVR sequences. Confidence Intervals not overlapping with zero for D values and significant P values after sequential bonferroni correction for Φst are indicated by *.