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. 2013 Oct 31;110(1):12–18. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.684

Table 2. Recognition that warning signs might indicate cancer.

  Recognition of cancer warning signs % (n)
  Persistent cough or hoarseness Unexplained bleeding Unexplained lump or swelling
All respondents (n=6965)
69.5 (4838)
89.7 (6248)
96.6 (6727)
Gender
Female (n=4330) 73.1 (3163)a 91.6 (3966)a 96.9 (4197)b
Male (n=2635)
63.6 (1675)
86.6 (2282)
96.0 (2530)
Age
50–59 (n=2346) 69.3 (1626)c 90.2 (2117)c 97.5 (2288)a
60–69 (n=2536) 71.5 (1814) 90.6 (2297) 97.1 (2463)
70+ (n=2067)
67.1 (1387)
88.0 (1818)
94.8 (1960)
Marital status
Married/cohabiting (n=3787) 69.5 (2632) 90.2 (3414) 97.0 (3675)b
Single/divorced/separated (n=3144)
69.4 (2181)
89.3 (2805)
96.0 (3019)
Ethnicity
White (n=6830) 69.7 (4758)b 89.9 (6141)a 96.7 (6607)a
Not White (n=117)
59.0 (69)
79.5 (93)
88.9 (104)
Education
Degree or above (n=1569) 73.9 (1159)a 92.5 (1451)a 97.8 (1534)c
Below degree (n=5224)
68.2 (3563)
89.2 (4660)
96.3 (5032)
Region
England (n=2360) 68.8 (1623) 89.6 (2113) 96.5 (2277)
Wales (n=2298) 68.4 (1571) 89.3 (2051) 96.5 (2218)
Northern Ireland (n=2307) 71.3 (1644) 90.4 (2084) 96.7 (2232)

Note: Totals vary due to missing data.

a

X2, P<0.001.

b

X2, P<0.05.

c

X2, P<0.01.