Table 2.

HIV interventions to strengthen the enabling environment for women and girls by addressing key social and structural drivers, and outcomes, by what works and what is promising

	Intervention	Outcome
Transforming gender norms
W	Training, peer and partner discussions and community-based education	Improve HIV prevention, testing, treatment and care.
P	Mass media campaigns as part of comprehensive and integrated services	Increase HIV protective behaviours.
	Programs to persuade mean to reduce their number of partners	Reduce the risk of HIV acquisition for their female partners.
Addressing violence against women
W	Community-based participatory-learning approaches involving women and men	Create more gender-equitable relationships and decrease violence.
P	Microfinance programs, integrated with participatory training on HIV, gender and violence	Reduction in gender-based violence
	Training teachers about gender-based violence	Change norms about acceptance of gender-based violence.
	Public health promotion	Increase awareness of violence against women.
	Establishing comprehensive post-rape care protocols, which include post-exposure prophylaxis	Improve services for women.
Transforming legal norms
P	Enforcing laws that allow widows to take control of remaining property	Increase widows’ ability to cope with HIV.
	Community organizing to protect rights	Help women pursue their legal rights.
	Integrating legal services into healthcare	Help ensure that women retain their property.
Promoting women’s employment, income and livelihood opportunities
W	Increased employment opportunities, microfinance or small-scale income-generating activities	Reduce behaviour that increases HIV risk, particularly among young people.
Advancing education
W	Increasing educational attainment	Help reduce HIV risk amongst girls.
	Abolishing school fees	Enables girls to attend (or stay in) school,
P	Conditional cash transfers for school attendance	May result in reduced incidence of HIV
Reducing stigma and discrimination
W	Community-based interventions that provide accurate information about HIV transmission	Reduce HIV stigma and discrimination.
	Training for providers along with access to the means of universal precautions	Reduce discrimination against people with HIV.
P	Recruiting and training opinion leaders	Reduce stigmatizing behaviours in the community.
	Support to voluntarily disclose positive serostatus	Increases the ability of people living with HIV to cope and access treatment, and reduces perceived stigma in the community

W=works; P=promising.