Synergistic anion competition for binding to apohTF. ApohTF was incubated in 25 mM (CO3−2) with increasing concentrations of C2O4−2 ranging from normal C2O4−2 concentrations (1.8–4.7 μM) (7), ASD C2O4−2 concentrations (3.5–7.5 μM) (7) and above (lanes 2–12 are 0, 1.0, 1.8, 2.5, 3.5, 4.7, 5.6, 7.5, 10, 25 and 50 μM C2O4−2 respectively) in the presence of excess Fe3+. Samples were removed and electrophoresed following incubation with iron removal buffer (100 mM MES, pH 5.6, containing 300 mM KCl and 4 mM EDTA) for 15 min. The control carbonate (CO3−2) and oxalate (C2O4−2) containing Fe2hTF samples from Figure 1A are shown on the left as a reference.