. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 10.

Published in final edited form as: J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Oct 4;28(1):10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.08.009. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.08.009

Table 2.

Racial/ethnic odds of pre-gestational diabetes and gestational diabetes compared to Caucasians.

	Caucasian	Blacks	Asian	Hispanic	Native American
Odds of GDM	1	0.99 (0.96–1.02), p = 0.44	2.00 (1.97–2.04), p < .001	1.72 (1.70–1.74), p < .001	1.41 (1.22–1.63), p < .001
Odds of PGDM	1	1.65 (1.56–1.76), p < .001	1.00 (0.94–1.05), p = 0.86	1.67 (1.63–1.75), p < .001	2.35 (1.82–3.04), p < .001

All results expressed as odds ratio (95% CI), with Caucasian as referent group.

Adjusted for age, insurance type, and presence of hypertensive disease.