Table 3.
Clinical differences between subjects with pre-gestational diabetes compared to those with gestational diabetes.
| Outcome variable | Subjects with PGDM (n = 22,331) |
Subjects with GDM (n = 147,097) |
Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (prevalence) | n (prevalence) | |||||
| Pre-pregnancy Conditions | ||||||
| Thyroid dysfunction | 1140 (5.11%) | 3511 (2.39%) | 2.20 (2.06–2.36) | <.001 | 2.24 (2.09–2.40) | <.001 |
| Chronic hypertension | 1794 (8.03%) | 3617 (2.46%) | 3.47 (3.27–3.67) | <.001 | 3.33 (3.14–3.53) | <.001 |
| Renal disease without hypertension | 102 (0.46%) | 269 (0.18%) | 2.51 (1.99–3.15) | <.001 | 2.51 (1.99–3.17) | <.001 |
| Antepartum Conditions | ||||||
| Mild preeclampsia | 1182 (5.29%) | 4656 (3.17%) | 1.71 (1.60–1.83) | <.001 | 1.62 (1.51–1.73) | <.001 |
| Severe preeclampsia | 568 (2.54%) | 1884 (1.28%) | 2.01 (1.83–2.21) | <.001 | 1.93 (1.75–2.12) | <.001 |
| Eclampsia | 37 (0.17%) | 123 (0.08%) | 1.98 (1.37–2.87) | <.001 | 1.84 (1.27–2.67) | .001 |
| Pyelonephritis | 118 (0.53%) | 253 (0.17%) | 3.08 (2.48–3.84) | <.001 | 2.84 (2.27–3.55) | <.001 |
| Preterm delivery | 3179 (14.24%) | 13,214 (8.98%) | 1.68 (1.61–1.75) | <.001 | 1.49 (1.42–1.55) | <.001 |
| Post-term delivery | 533 (2.39%) | 8972 (6.10%) | 0.38 (0.35–0.41) | <.001 | 0.40 (0.37–0.44) | <.001 |
| Fetal CNS malformation | 72 (0.32%) | 105 (0.07%) | 4.53 (3.35–6.11) | <.001 | 4.52 (3.33–6.14) | <.001 |
| Intrauterine fetal demise | 265 (1.19%) | 499 (0.34%) | 3.53 (3.04–4.10) | <.001 | 3.18 (2.73–3.71) | <.001 |
| Poor fetal growth | 391 (1.75%) | 2119 (1.44%) | 1.22 (1.09–1.36) | 0.001 | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | .07 |
| Excess fetal growth | 1657 (7.42%) | 8942 (6.08%) | 1.24 (1.17–1.31) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.14–1.27) | <.001 |
| Peripartum Conditions | ||||||
| Failed induction | 766 (3.43%) | 3854 (2.62%) | 1.32 (1.22–1.43) | <.001 | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) | <.001 |
| Shoulder dystocia | 526 (2.36%) | 3069 (2.09%) | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | .009 | 1.14 (1.04–1.26) | .003 |
| Cesarean delivery | 11,711 (52.44%) | 64,803 (44.05%) | 1.40 (1.36–1.44) | <.001 | 1.31 (1.28–1.35) | <.001 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 559 (2.50%) | 4327 (2.94%) | 0.85 (0.78–0.93) | <.001 | 0.82 (0.75–0.89) | <.001 |
| Third/Fourth degree lacsa | 353 (3.32%) | 3734 (4.54%) | 0.72 (0.65–0.81) | <.001 | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | <.001 |
| Operative vaginal delivery | 1002 (4.49%) | 9468 (6.44%) | 0.68 (0.64–0.73) | <.001 | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | <.001 |
All outcomes adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, insurance type, and presence of hypertensive disease (including mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, chronic hypertension, unspecified hypertension) unless the variable being adjusted for is the outcome itself.
Prevalence (%) is expressed as # of cases of condition divided by total n of subjects in either PGDM or GDM group.
a
Calculated for vaginal deliveries only; Total n for PGDM = 10,620, GDM = 82,294.