Table 3.

Summaries of Symptom Measures at Baseline and End of Study (N=46)

	Study Group
	MLD (N=16)	LLLT (N=15)	Combined MLT & LLLT (N=15)
	Median [IQR] (Min,Max)	Median [IQR] (Min,Max)	Median [IQR] (Min,Max)
Number of symptoms (p = .249)
Baseline	14.5 [8,20] (3,35)	13.0 [8,16] (4,31)	14.0 [9,19] (4,31)
End of study	12.5 [6,16] (0,33)	12.0 [4,16] (2,34)	14.0 [10,19] (5,36)
Effect size	−0.41	−0.16	0.15
Overall symptom burdena(p = .930)
Baseline	2.4 [0,11] (0,26)	1.7 [1,13] (0,73)	6.1 [0,12] (0,22)
End of study	0.6 [0,6] (0,46)	0.4 [0,12] (0,53)	4.1 [0,8] (0,14)
Effect size	−0.45	−0.41	−0.46
Symptom Burden Subsets Effect Sizes
Arm pain	0.15	−0.19	−0.06
Arm skin movement	−0.16	−0.31	0.00
Arm sizea	−0.22	−0.59	−0.42
Insurance	−0.09	0.42	−0.02
Systemica	−0.13	−0.48	−0.62
Neurological	−0.28	0.23	−0.21
Specific Symptoms †
Heavy arm	0.01	−0.40	−0.33
Tight arm	−0.41	−0.43	0.02
Numb arm	−0.19	−0.17	−0.01
Aching arm	0.24	−0.31	−0.07
Swelling arm	−0.34	−0.53	−0.62
Hard arm	−0.03	−0.14	−0.11
Appearance concerns	−0.05	−0.15	−0.26
Fatigue	−0.12	−0.34	−0.46
Loss of sleep	−0.48	−0.43	−0.32
Lack of interest in sex	0.40	−0.45	−0.12
Decrease in physical activity	0.24	−0.19	−0.03
Decrease in sexual activity	0.73	−0.48	−0.02
Number of Skin Conditions Affected Armb(p = .031)
Baseline	2.0 [2,3] (1,7)	3.0 [2,4] (1,6)	3.0 [2,5] (1,8)
End of Study	2.0 [1,3] (1,4)	1.0 [1,2] (1,3)	2.0 [1,2] (1,3)
Effect Size	−0.44	−1.15	−1.65
Unaffected Arm (p = .923)
Baseline	1.5 [1,2] (1,3)	1.0 [1,2] (1,2)	1.5 [1,2] (1,3)
End of Study	1.0 [1,2] (1,6)	1.0 [1,2] (1,2)	1.0 [1,2] (1,2)
Effect Size	−0.11	−0.13	−0.22

^aMain effect of time of assessment, p < 0.05

^bMain effect of time of assessment, p < 0.001

^†Effect sizes; At least 50% of the participants reported having the symptom at baseline.

IQR—interquartile range; LLLT—low-level laser therapy; MLD—manual lymphatic drainage

Note: The specific p-values report the results from the primary hypotheses of differences in the changes among the three study groups.