Figure 4.

Spline regression of the association of g/d alcohol use at enrolment and causes of death among women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, whose alcohol use was >0 at that time; stratifying by centre and age and adjusting for body mass index, height, waist circumference, intake of fruits, vegetables, red meat and meat products, dietary fibre, physical activity, education, smoking, menopausal hormone use, number of live births, menopausal status and prevalent disease (self-reported cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus or hypertension). P-values for linearity and for general effect respectively were for CHD = 0.028 and <0.001, CVD = 0.089 and 0.061, alcohol-related cancers = 0.076 and 0.028, other neoplasms = 0.013 and 0.033, respiratory causes = 0.001 and 0.003, digestive causes = 0.950 and 0.002, external causes = 0.399 and 0.602 and other causes = 0.001 and <0.001. CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease other than CHD; AC, alcohol-related cancer; ON, other neoplasms; R, respiratory system; D, digestive system; E, external causes; OC, other causes