Table 1.
Frequency distribution and description of characteristics at enrolment across categories of lifetime pattern of alcohol use among men participating in the EPIC study
| Formerb |
Lifetimec |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exclusive categories of pattern of alcohol use | TOTAL | Nevera | Former light to moderated | Former heavye | Lightf | Below rec. limitg | Light to moderatee | Occasionally heavye | Heavye |
| Number | 111 953 | 1791 | 3476 | 1451 | 3325 | 41 396 | 40 286 | 18 168 | 2060 |
| Follow-up time (mean, (SD), years) | 11.8 (2.7) | 11.8 (3.3) | 12.1 (3.4) | 11.1 (3.5) | 11.8 (3.0) | 11.8 (2.6) | 11.8 (2.5) | 11.7 (2.8) | 12.0 (2.9) |
| Age (mean, (SD), years) | 53.2 (9.5) | 53.9 (11.0) | 56.5 (9.9) | 54.5 (8.7) | 53.4 (13.4) | 53.5 (10.0) | 52.7 (8.9) | 53.0 (8.4) | 51.1 (8.0) |
| BMI (mean, (SD)) | 26.8 (3.7) | 27.3 (3.7) | 27.0 (3.8) | 27.7 (4.4) | 25.9 (4.0) | 26.4 (3.5) | 26.7 (3.5) | 27.6 (3.8) | 28.5 (4.1) |
| Waist circumference (mean, (SD) cm) | 95.1 (10.1) | 96.3 (10.3) | 95.9 (10.4) | 97.7 (11.4) | 92.7 (10.5) | 93.9 (9.8) | 94.9 (9.7) | 97.7 (10.3) | 100.1 (10.7) |
| Fruit and vegetable intake (median, g/d) | 388.6 | 491.2 | 429.7 | 446.7 | 443.5 | 362.1 | 387.2 | 419.1 | 477.9 |
| Intake of red meat and meat products (median, g/d) | 109.2 | 88.2 | 94.2 | 124.0 | 64.2 | 101.7 | 112.4 | 125.0 | 143.9 |
| Fibre intake (mean, (SD), g/d) | 24.6 (4.8) | 24.3 (4.7) | 23.7 (5.4) | 24.9 (5.0) | 25.9 (5.4) | 24.7 (4.9) | 24.6 (4.6) | 24.3 (4.7) | 24.7 (4.4) |
| University degree (%) | 27.9 | 19.7 | 13.1 | 11.8 | 32.4 | 31.9 | 29.8 | 20.7 | 10.3 |
| High/very high physical activityh(%) | 49.9 | 41.7 | 47.6 | 49.9 | 49.4 | 50.6 | 50.6 | 48.8 | 41.1 |
| Smokers (%) | 30.1 | 27.9 | 26.2 | 43.2 | 18.8 | 23.7 | 30.8 | 42.5 | 53.4 |
| >20 years of smoking (%) | 46.3 | 37.1 | 48.3 | 68.6 | 25.9 | 38.2 | 48.1 | 61.0 | 66.1 |
| Prevalent diseasesi (%) | 26.3 | 26.4 | 34.7 | 43.0 | 23.6 | 23.5 | 25.7 | 31.1 | 31.0 |
| Alcohol at enrolment (median, g/d) | 15.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 8.5 | 27.0 | 47.3 | 82.6 |
| Alcohol at age 20 y (median, g/d) | 11.3 | 0 | 9.6 | 77.8 | 0.0 | 5.6 | 18.1 | 45.9 | 99.8 |
| Number of deaths | 11 738 | 240 | 698 | 320 | 441 | 4061 | 3486 | 2235 | 257 |
| Age at death (mean (max.), years) | 69.0 (102.4) | 73.4 (97.5) | 72.8 (94.5) | 66.5 (87.0) | 76.3 (102.4) | 70.6 (100.0) | 67.5 (100.8) | 66.1 (91.4) | 63.2 (87.1) |
BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent; rec., recommended.
a Report of no use of alcohol at all points in time (age 20, 30, 40, 50 and at recruitment).
b Report of alcohol use in the past but not at the time of enrolment.
c Report of use of alcohol at past points in time and at the time of recruitment.
d ≤60 g/d.
e >60 g/d.
f ≤2 g/d.
g ≤24 g/d (American Heart Association; World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism).
h High physical activity based on METS of recreational and housekeeping activities (>56.78).
i Self-reported cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus or hypertension.