Fig. 5.

pLTA inhibited rhTNF-α-mediated p38 pathway. (A) HT-29 cells were pretreated with various signaling inhibitors for 30 min and then retreated with rhTNF-α for 24 h. Culture supernatants were collected and IL-8 expression was analyzed using ELISA. UT indicates untreated cells. The data are given as means ± standard deviations for triplicate samples in a single experiment. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; compared to untreated cells (UT). (B) HT-29 cells were treated with 100 μg/ml of pLTA for 20 h followed by 50 ng/ml of rhTNF-α for 1 h. Treatments of rhTNF-α or pLTA alone were used as controls. The variation of signaling molecules was analyzed by Western blotting. UT indicates untreated cells.