Cell size and expression levels of cell division-related genes in CaSD1-overexpressing N. benthamiana. (A) Surfaces of pMBP1 vector control or CaSD1-overexpressing leaves were observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy 7 days after inoculation. Black bars, 100 μm. (B) pMBP1 vector control or CaSD1-overexpressing leaves were comparted into 500 μm × 500 μm regions, and cells in the fixed regions were counted. Bars represent standard deviation (n = 40). (C) Expression patterns of cell division-related genes in CaSD1-overexpressing plants. NtCYCD, N. tabaccum D-type cyclin; NtCYCA, N. tabaccum cyclin A; NtCDKA, N. tabaccum cyclin-dependent kinase A; NtCDKB, N. tabaccum cyclin-dependent kinase B; NtMCM, N. tabaccum mini chromosome maintenance.