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pLTA inhibits TNF-α and IL-8 expression in LPS-stimulated monocytes. THP-1 cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of various concentrations of pLTA. (A, B) mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were determined by RT-PCR. THP-1 cells were pretreated with 10 μg/ml of pLTA for 12 h followed by treatment with 0.1 μg/ml LPS for 6 h. β-actin was used as a normalization control. (C, D) Levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were measured by ELISA (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01).
